美国宣布将对部分巴西进口商品征收25%关税US to Impose 25% Tariffs on Certain Brazilian Imports

美国政府于2026年7月15日晚间宣布，将对来自巴西的部分进口商品征收25%的关税，该措施定于7月22日正式生效。此次关税决定是根据美国《贸易法》第301条款做出的，该条款授权美国政府对涉嫌不公平的贸易行为展开调查并采取制裁措施。这一举动标志着巴西成为特朗普政府新关税策略下，首个利用301条款针对的单一国家。此前，该关税方案已于上月首次被提出。

The United States government announced late Wednesday, July 15, 2026, that it will impose a 25% tariff on certain imports from Brazil, with the measures scheduled to take effect on July 22. The action is being taken under Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act, a provision that authorizes investigations into alleged unfair trade practices and subsequent enforcement. This move marks the first time a country has been targeted under President Donald Trump's new tariff strategy using Section 301, following initial proposals for the levies last month.

据美国高级官员透露，此次加征关税的决定是在美国对巴西开展了为期一年的调查后做出的，旨在应对美方认定的不公平贸易行为。美国贸易代表办公室在周三晚间发布的公告中指出，调查发现巴西在多个领域的政策和做法是不合理且具有歧视性的，损害了美国企业、工人和农户的竞争地位。新关税将替代此前被美国最高法院推翻的关税政策。

According to senior administration officials, the tariff decision follows a year-long investigation into Brazil's trade policies, which the U.S. deemed unfair and discriminatory. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative stated in a social media post and formal notices late Wednesday that the inquiry found several of Brazil's practices to be unreasonable, restricting the competitive position of American workers, farmers, and innovators. These new levies will replace previous tariffs that were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court.

美国贸易代表办公室为期一年的调查结果显示，巴西在多个关键领域存在不合理且具歧视性的政策。美方指责巴西在数字贸易、不公平的优惠关税、知识产权保护以及乙醇市场准入等方面设置了重重障碍。此外，调查还指出巴西在反腐败执法方面出现倒退，这些行为共同限制了美国企业、工人和创新者的竞争地位，损害了美国在这一拥有超过2.1亿消费者重要市场中的商业利益。

The year-long investigation by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative concluded that several of Brazil's policies and practices are unreasonable and discriminatory, directly harming the interests of American businesses and workers. The inquiry focused on a range of unfair trade barriers, including restrictive policies on digital trade, unfair preferential tariffs, intellectual property protection, and limited market access for U.S. ethanol. Additionally, the U.S. accused Brazil of backsliding on anti-corruption enforcement, which has further restricted the competitive position of American innovators and exporters in a major market of over 210 million consumers.

在农业领域，美国贸易代表办公室特别指出，巴西政府允许本国农民利用非法砍伐的土地获取竞争优势，从而对美国农户造成了不公平的竞争压力。美国贸易代表詹米森·格里尔在一份声明中强调，无论是惩罚拒绝审查政治言论的美国科技公司，还是在环保与反腐败领域的倒退，巴西的这些不公平贸易行为都阻碍了美国产品在公平环境下的竞争。美方强调，此次加征关税是确保美国劳动者和企业获得公平竞争环境的必要手段。

In the agricultural sector, the investigation highlighted that Brazil allows its farmers to exploit illegally logged land to gain an unfair advantage over American farmers. U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer stated that Brazil's unfair practices, which also include punishing U.S. technology companies for refusing to censor political speech, have prevented American producers from accessing the Brazilian market on a level playing field. Greer emphasized that the tariff action is necessary to address these persistent barriers and ensure that U.S. companies can compete fairly.

美国政府在制定关税结构时采取了战略性考量，以尽量减少对国内经济的干扰。高级行政官员表示，政府仅对美国本土能够生产的商品加征关税，并避开了可能对经济造成冲击的领域。因此，该关税令豁免了部分无法在美国本土生产或可能导致供应链中断的商品。具体豁免产品包括咖啡、牛肉、橙子及橙汁、部分油气能源产品、医药产品以及航空航天零部件等。

The U.S. government has designed the tariff structure strategically to minimize domestic economic disruption. Senior administration officials stated that the administration is placing tariffs on goods that can be duplicated in the U.S. and those that would not disrupt the economy. Consequently, the order exempts certain raw materials and goods not produced domestically, including coffee, beef, oranges, orange juice, some oil and gas energy products, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace parts and components.

然而，这一豁免清单有着明确的界限。尽管部分农产品和能源产品被排除在征税范围之外以保护美国供应链，但来自巴西的乙醇进口将无法获得豁免，仍将被征收25%的关税。这种选择性的征税方式反映出美国政府在实施贸易制裁的同时，也在极力避免对依赖巴西关键进口物资的美国本土产业和消费者造成负面影响。

However, the exemption list has specific boundaries. While some agricultural and energy products are excluded to protect U.S. supply chains, ethanol imports from Brazil will be subject to the new 25% tariffs. This selective approach reflects the administration's effort to balance its trade enforcement goals against the potential negative impacts on American industries and consumers who rely on critical Brazilian imports.

此次关税政策的公布引发了美巴两国官员之间的激烈外交交锋。美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥在社交媒体上对巴西总统卢拉及其政府进行了公开批评。卢比奥指出，卢拉政府未能与美国进行诚信谈判，其推行的经济政策不仅损害了美国人的利益，也对巴西人民不利。他指责卢拉在过去一年中将个人虚荣心置于巴西人民的福祉之上，而此次加征的关税正是巴西为此付出的代价。这一表态凸显了华盛顿与巴西利亚之间日益加深的裂痕。

The announcement of the tariff measures has triggered a sharp diplomatic clash between officials from both nations, reflecting a deepening rift between Washington and Brasília. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued a strong critique of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and his administration on social media. Rubio stated that the Brazilian government had failed to negotiate with the United States in good faith, arguing that Lula's economic policies are detrimental to both Americans and Brazilians. He accused the Brazilian president of prioritizing his own ego over the welfare of his country's citizens during the past year of discussions, calling the new tariffs the price for that approach.

面对美方的指责和关税制裁，巴西方面随即发表声明予以强烈谴责。巴西政府明确表示，美国对巴西采取单边限制措施是毫无道理的。尽管双边外交关系因关税问题而陷入紧张，但美方依然为未来的外交接触留出了空间。美国贸易代表詹米森·格里尔表示，虽然过去一年的广泛谈判未能解决上述贸易争端，但美国对于继续与巴西展开谈判以推动解决调查中发现的长期问题，仍然持开放态度。

In response to the U.S. actions, Brazil denounced the newly announced levies, declaring that there is no justification for unilateral measures against the country. Despite the escalating tensions, the U.S. administration has indicated that the door to diplomacy remains open. U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer noted that while extensive negotiations over the past year had failed to resolve the identified trade issues, the United States remains open to continuing talks with Brazil to bring about long-needed changes to the problems uncovered during the investigation.