美丹格签署北极防务协议 扩大美方永久军事与安全权利US, Denmark, and Greenland Sign Arctic Pact Expanding Defense Rights
美国、丹麦与格陵兰领导人于2026年9月22日在纽约联合国大会期间正式签署三方防务协议。该协议扩大了美国在北极战略岛屿格陵兰的永久军事与安全权利，并为美方重新启用冷战时期军事基地及部署人员铺平道路。根据官方声明与报道条款，新协议明确禁止非北约国家（特别是中国和俄罗斯）在格陵兰设立军事基地或建立军事存在，并设立了限制非盟友对当地关键矿产与采矿业等敏感领域进行投资的机制。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普此前表示该安排赋予美方对格陵兰安全的“永久控制”，但丹麦首相梅特·弗雷泽里克森与格陵兰政府官员强调，协议完全确认了丹麦王国的主权与领土完整，以及格陵兰人民的自决权，停止了早先围绕领土转让引发的激烈外交争议。
Leaders from the United States, Denmark, and Greenland formally signed a trilateral Arctic security agreement on September 22, 2026, on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. The pact expands permanent U.S. military and security rights across the strategically vital Arctic territory, opening the door for Washington to reactivate a Cold War-era base and deploy personnel to regional outposts. Under the reported provisions, the agreement explicitly prohibits non-NATO adversaries, specifically China and Russia, from establishing a military presence on the island and introduces formal mechanisms to block non-allied investments in sensitive sectors such as critical minerals and mining. While U.S. President Donald Trump described the deal as securing "permanent control" over the territory's security needs, Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and Greenlandic officials stressed that the accord leaves sovereignty intact, fully upholding the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark alongside the Greenlandic people's right to self-determination.
01联大会晤与协议正式签署Trilateral Signing on the Sidelines of the UN General Assembly
根据白宫官员与丹麦首相办公室发布的消息，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普、丹麦首相梅特·弗雷泽里克森以及格陵兰总理延斯-弗雷德里克·尼尔森定于2026年9月22日上午（格林威治标准时间14点30分）在纽约联合国总部大楼举行三方会晤，正式签署该项北极安全协议。
According to Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen's office and a White House official, U.S. President Donald Trump, Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen, and Greenland Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen met Tuesday morning, September 22, 2026, at the United Nations headquarters in New York to formalize the trilateral Arctic security pact at 14:30 GMT.
丹麦首相弗雷泽里克森在纽约接受丹麦媒体采访时表示，该协议从丹麦角度来看是一项良好方案，不仅有益于北欧国家的安全，也符合北约与欧洲的整体利益。她重申，在保持国家主权的同时加强国际合作完全可行，协议不会让渡主权。格陵兰政府此前亦发表声明指出，防务合作的深化将增强格陵兰本土、丹麦、美国及更广泛西方盟友的安全保障。
Frederiksen told Danish media in New York that the agreement is positive from a Danish perspective, stating that strengthening Nordic and Arctic security directly benefits both NATO and Europe. She maintained that Denmark can reinforce defense cooperation without ceding sovereignty over the autonomous territory. Greenland's government noted in an official statement that the finalized defense pact strengthens the security of Greenland, Denmark, the United States, and the broader Western alliance.
02军事部署扩展与新设站点规划Military Expansion and Planned Base Reactivation
依据新防务协议条款，美国将获得在格陵兰设立额外军事设施且无需丹麦或格陵兰单独审批的权限。美方官员指出，这一机制突破了自1951年防务协议以来实施的既有框架，显著扩大了美军在格陵兰各区域的常态化部署和行动自由度。
Under the provisions of the new security pact, the United States secures the authority to establish additional military installations across Greenland without seeking separate approval from Danish or Greenlandic authorities. Administration officials noted that this mechanism extends beyond the long-standing framework established under the 1951 bilateral defense agreement, granting Washington broader operational flexibility and permanent deployment rights.
路透社援引知情人士报道，美方计划重新启用位于格陵兰南部的冷战时期纳萨斯瓦克军事基地，并在东部军事哨所梅斯特斯维格部署人员。纳萨斯瓦克原为美军二战与冷战初期的“西部一号水上基地”（Bluie West One），美军于1950年代撤出后，当地目前仅有数十名居民居住；位于格陵兰东部的梅斯特斯维格哨所此前主要由丹麦特种部队天狼星巡逻队执行巡逻与驻守。
The Pentagon reportedly plans to reopen a Cold War-era base at Narsarsuaq in southern Greenland and deploy forces to Mestersvig, an eastern military outpost currently utilized by Denmark's Sirius Patrol special forces unit, Reuters reported citing unnamed sources. Narsarsuaq, which housed the U.S. Bluie West One air base before American forces withdrew in the 1950s, currently has only a few dozen permanent residents.
冷战期间，美国曾在格陵兰境内维持17处军事设施及超过1万名军事人员。在本次协议签署前，位于格陵兰西北部的皮图菲克太空基地（Pituffik Space Base）是美军在当地唯一保持运作的军事站点，驻扎约150名美军人员。
During the Cold War, the United States maintained 17 military installations staffed by over 10,000 personnel across the Arctic territory. Prior to the finalization of the new pact, Pituffik Space Base remained the only active U.S. military installation on the island, manned by an operational contingent of approximately 150 American service members.
03主权界限与此前外交争端Sovereignty Boundaries and Diplomatic Standoff
在本次防务协议达成前，特朗普多次坚称美国出于国家安全需要应获取格陵兰，甚至未排除动用军事或经济手段获取该半自治领地。这些言论引发哥本哈根与努克的强烈外交抵制，当地领导人重申格陵兰“非卖品”的立场，欧盟也对此公开表达反对，北约盟国之间一度出现外交裂痕。
Prior to the signing of the defense pact, Trump repeatedly argued that U.S. ownership of Greenland was vital for American national security, at times declining to rule out economic or military leverage to acquire the territory. Those demands triggered a sharp diplomatic standoff with Copenhagen and Nuuk, where officials maintained that Greenland is not for sale, while the European Union issued rebukes over the acquisition push, exposing strains among NATO allies.
格陵兰外交部长穆特·B·埃格德在接受格陵兰国家广播电台采访时指出，过去近两年时间让当地居民充满不确定性，而新协议守住了政府的自决权红线。依据丹麦王国宪制安排，哥本哈根负责外交、防务与安全事务，格陵兰则自主管理包括矿产资源在内的多数内部事务。新协议通过将美方权限严格限定于防务安全领域，避免了任何领土主权的实质变更。
Greenlandic Foreign Minister Múte B. Egede told public broadcaster KNR that the preceding two years had created deep uncertainty for island residents, adding that the finalized pact respects the government's red lines regarding self-determination. Under the constitutional framework of the Kingdom of Denmark, Copenhagen retains jurisdiction over foreign affairs, defense, and security, while Greenland exercises autonomous authority over domestic matters, including natural resources. The security agreement confines expanded American rights strictly to defense cooperation while leaving Danish sovereignty and territorial jurisdiction intact.
美丹格北极防务合作演进历程Timeline of US Defense Arrangements in Greenland
梳理美军在格陵兰岛军事权利的历史沿革及近期三方签署新安全协议的过程。
Traces the evolution of US military presence in Greenland leading up to the 2026 trilateral defense agreement.
美国与丹麦达成双边防务协议，确立美军在格陵兰岛的长期军事权利，冷战期间美方曾在岛上设立多达17处军事设施。
The United States and Denmark signed a bilateral defense accord establishing American military rights in Greenland, where the US would later operate up to 17 Cold War facilities.
特朗普就职后重提获取格陵兰岛控制权的主张，且不排除动用经济或军事手段，引发丹麦、格陵兰岛及欧盟的公开反对。
Following his return to the White House in January 2025, Trump renewed his push for control over Greenland and declined to rule out force, prompting backlash across Europe.
特朗普公开宣布已与丹麦及格陵兰岛达成共识，宣称该安排将使美国获得对该岛防务与安全需求的“永久控制权”。
Trump announced a preliminary deal with Greenland and Denmark, claiming the arrangement would grant the United States permanent control over the island's security needs.
特朗普与丹麦、格陵兰岛领导人在联大期间正式签约，在确认丹麦主权的同时扩大美方永久军事权利，并限制中俄等国涉足敏感领域。
Leaders of the US, Denmark, and Greenland signed the trilateral defense pact at the UN, expanding US military rights while barring adversarial military and mineral investments.
04地缘博弈与矿产投资限制Geopolitical Strategy and Mineral Investment Restrictions
随着北极海冰消退开辟出新航道并显露潜在矿藏，该地区成为大国竞相增加存在感的焦点。新协议明确禁止非北约国家，特别是中国与俄罗斯，在格陵兰设立军事基地或展开任何军事存在，并设立专门机制，禁止非盟友实体对当地关键矿产与采矿等敏感领域进行投资，以确保西方在极地战略资源与基础设施方面的控制力。
As retreating sea ice opens new maritime shipping lanes and exposes vast mineral deposits across the Arctic, the region has drawn the United States, Russia, and China to bolster their operational presence. Under the terms of the new agreement, non-NATO nations—specifically China and Russia—are explicitly barred from establishing military bases or personnel footprints across Greenland. The pact additionally institutes a formal regulatory mechanism prohibiting non-allied investments in sensitive sectors, specifically targeting critical minerals and mining operations to prevent strategic inroads by external powers.
美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥在周一会见加拿大、丹麦、格陵兰、挪威及瑞典等北极盟国领导人时，要求各方提升在北极地区的防务开支。卢比奥同时强调，各盟国必须加快发展主权军事与经济能力，并加大对关键基础设施的资金投入，以应对北极地区日益增长的安全挑战。
Ahead of the signing, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio met Monday with leaders from Arctic allies, including Canada, Denmark, Greenland, Norway, and Sweden, pressing them to raise defense spending across the region. Rubio emphasized the necessity of developing sovereign military and economic capabilities alongside funding critical regional infrastructure to address emerging Arctic security requirements.
