美伊总统签署停火备忘录，特朗普警告若违约将重启轰炸US and Iran Presidents Sign Ceasefire Agreement as Trump Warns of Potential Strikes

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普与伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽什基安于周三以数字化方式签署了该谅解备忘录。在签署仪式的数小时前，特朗普曾公开思忖自己亲自签署该文件是否明智。而在三天前，美国副总统JD·万斯与伊朗议长穆罕默德·巴盖尔·加利巴夫已率先数字化签署了同一份文件。此次签署打破了原定于周五在瑞士由万斯副总统出席的仪式安排，特朗普选择在法国凡尔赛宫与法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙举行的烛光晚宴上完成了签署。

President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian digitally signed the memorandum of understanding on Wednesday. The signing occurred hours after Trump publicly mused about whether it was wise for him to personally sign the document, and three days after Vice President JD Vance and Iranian Parliamentary Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf had digitally signed the exact same document. This unexpected signing bypassed a ceremonial event originally scheduled to take place in Switzerland on Friday with Vice President Vance, as Trump instead finalized the agreement during a candlelit dinner at the Palace of Versailles in France.

白宫副幕僚长丹·斯卡维诺在社交媒体上发布的视频显示，在法国第一夫人布丽吉特·马克龙和美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥等嘉宾的见证下，马克龙与特朗普握手，并用英语对他的签署表示祝贺与赞许。晚宴结束后，特朗普向媒体证实协议已经签署。随后，马克龙也在社交媒体上发布了签署现场的视频，并表示该协议为实现持久和平铺平了道路，并允许重新开放霍尔木兹海峡。

A video posted online by White House Deputy Chief of Staff Dan Scavino showed French President Emmanuel Macron shaking Trump's hand and congratulating him in the presence of France's first lady Brigitte Macron, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, and other guests. Following the dinner, Trump confirmed to reporters that the document was signed. Macron later shared a video of the signing on social media, writing that the agreement paves the way for lasting peace and allows the reopening of the pivotal Strait of Hormuz.

这份被称为谅解备忘录的14点临时协议，其首要条款规定美国、伊朗及其盟友将宣布在包括黎巴嫩在内的“所有战线”上“立即且永久”停止军事行动。该协议的核心成果之一是立即重新开放具有关键战略意义的霍尔木兹海峡，同时美国将解除其海上封锁。特朗普政府将该协议描述为“基于表现”的机制，强调伊朗只有在完全履行其承诺的情况下才能获得相应的利益。

The 14-point interim agreement, structured as a Memorandum of Understanding, dictates in its first paragraph that the United States, Iran, and their respective allies will declare an "immediate and permanent" termination of military operations on "all fronts," including Lebanon. A central immediate outcome of the agreement is the reopening of the pivotal Strait of Hormuz, accompanied by the lifting of the US naval blockade. The Trump administration has characterized the framework as "performance-based," emphasizing that Iran will only benefit if it strictly complies with its designated commitments.

根据协议的具体安排，美伊双方将利用这60天的停火延长期，全力争取达成一项长期的核协议。在此期间，伊朗同意稀释其浓缩铀库存。作为交换，伊朗将获得大规模的经济制裁减免，并设立一个高达3000亿美元的“重建与经济开发”基金。该基金将由地区国家提供资金支持，明确规定美国无需承担任何出资义务。尽管协议文本宣称伊朗将永远不会拥有核武器，但美国官员承认，要将这一原则转化为全面且具有约束力的最终和平协议，双方仍有诸多关键问题有待解决。

Under the specific terms of the deal, the 60-day ceasefire extension serves as a high-stakes window to negotiate a lasting nuclear pact. During this period, Tehran is required to dilute its enriched uranium stocks. In return, Iran will receive sweeping economic sanctions relief and access to a $300 billion fund dedicated to "reconstruction and economic development." This fund is backed by nations across the region, with the explicit condition that the United States is not required to make any financial contributions. While the text states that Iran will never have a nuclear weapon, US officials acknowledge that many core issues remain unresolved before a comprehensive final peace agreement can be finalized.

在法国埃维昂莱班举行的G7峰会结束后的新闻发布会上，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普对该协议进行了辩护，并猛烈回击了批评者。部分批评人士指出，这份临时协议所达成的成果，甚至少于巴拉克·奥巴马总统在2015年签署的伊朗核协议。对此，特朗普坚称，该协议确保了伊朗永远不会购买、开发或生产核武器。尽管如此，美国官员随后在与记者的电话会议中承认，要实现特朗普阻止伊朗拥有核武器的首要目标，双方在达成全面最终和平协议的道路上仍有很长的路要走。

During a wide-ranging press conference at the end of the G7 summit in Evian-les-Bains, France, President Donald Trump defended the preliminary agreement and lashed out at critics who argued that the deal achieves less than the landmark accord signed by President Barack Obama in 2015. Trump insisted that the new agreement ensures Iran will never buy, develop, or produce a nuclear weapon. However, US officials later acknowledged in a call with reporters that both nations still have a long way to go to reach a comprehensive final peace agreement that permanently secures this primary objective.

在宣传该协议的同时，特朗普也向德黑兰发出了严厉的军事警告。他明确表示，如果伊朗不遵守协议条款或在谈判期间“表现不佳”，美国可能会重新开始轰炸伊朗。特朗普在发布会上直言，如果伊朗不履行承诺，美军可能会重新对其进行轰炸，直到其遵守为止，并称“炸弹能做到的事情是令人惊叹的”。这一表态凸显了特朗普政府将该协议视为一种“基于表现”的机制，即伊朗只有在完全履行其承诺的情况下才能获得相应的利益。

While promoting the diplomatic breakthrough, Trump paired his defense with a stern military warning, threatening to resume bombing Iran if Tehran fails to honor its commitments or "misbehaves" during the 60-day negotiation window. Trump stated that if they do not honor the deal, the US would probably go back to bombing them until they do, remarking that "it's amazing what bombs can do." This warning underscores the administration's stance that the framework remains strictly performance-based, with Iran only receiving benefits upon full compliance.

巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹·谢里夫作为主要调解人，于周四上午在社交媒体上宣布了协议的签署。自美国和以色列于2月底与伊朗爆发战争以来，谢里夫一直担任首席调解人。他证实，该备忘录已由美伊两国总统签署，并由他本人作为调解人签字背书。

Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who has served as a chief mediator since the United States and Israel entered the war with Iran at the end of February, announced the signing of the agreement in a social media post on Thursday morning. Sharif confirmed that the memorandum had been signed by the presidents of both nations and endorsed by himself in his capacity as the mediator.

该协议致力于在包括黎巴嫩在内的所有战线上立即且永久停止军事行动。黎巴嫩是在3月2日因德黑兰支持的真主党向以色列发射火箭弹以支持伊朗而被卷入冲突的。就在协议签署的周三，当地冲突仍在持续，以色列军方周四宣布，29岁的军士长亚历山大·菲林在前一天的黎巴嫩南部战斗中丧生，另有七名士兵受伤。随着该协议的生效，各方正致力于落实全面停火。

The agreement mandates an immediate and permanent termination of military operations across all fronts, including Lebanon. Lebanon was drawn into the conflict on March 2 when Tehran-backed Hezbollah fired rockets at Israel in support of Iran. Hostilities continued right up to the signing; on Thursday, the Israeli military announced that 29-year-old Master Sgt. Alexander Filin was killed and seven other soldiers were wounded during combat in southern Lebanon on Wednesday.