联合国调查团指控美军在伊朗发动涉嫌战争罪的空袭UN Report Accuses US Military of Potential War Crimes in Iran Strikes

联合国伊朗问题独立国际实况调查团在报告中重点评估了2026年2月28日美军实施的两起空袭行动。调查团专家指出，袭击针对明确的民用设施，且没有信息表明这些目标在受袭期间曾被用于军事目的。调查报告强调，美方对米纳卜小学的打击并非由于攻击邻近伊斯兰革命卫队基地造成的误击或附带损伤，该小学本身就是导弹预设的打击点，这构成了导致平民死伤和民用目标受损的无差别攻击。

The UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran focused its assessment on two separate US airstrikes carried out on February 28, 2026. Mission experts determined that both targets were clearly civilian facilities and found no information indicating that either site was being utilized for military purposes at the time. According to the report, the strike on the primary school in Minab was not an errant attack or collateral damage resulting from an operation against the neighboring Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps compound, but rather the intended point of impact, fulfilling the legal criteria for an indiscriminate attack causing civilian harm.

针对拉默德一处体育中心和住宅区的空袭，调查团同样得出结论，认定该次行动损毁了周边居民楼与另一所学校，导致22名平民伤亡，性质属于无差别攻击并构成战争罪。由孟加拉国法学家萨拉·侯赛因领导的调查团通过分析卫星图像、现场照片与视频以及专家资料得出上述结论，并计划将这份包含47个成员国的人权理事会报告提交审议。尽管美国中央司令部曾于3月公开否认当天对拉默德市区发动过任何空袭，调查团仍认为现有证据足以支撑其法律定性。

Regarding the strike on a sports center and adjacent residential area in Lamerd, investigators concluded that the assault damaged neighboring residential buildings and a school, leaving 22 civilians dead or injured. Led by Bangladeshi jurist Sara Hossain, the independent panel compiled its findings by analyzing satellite imagery, audiovisual evidence, and expert reports ahead of formal presentation to the 47-nation UN Human Rights Council. Although US Central Command issued a statement in March denying that American forces had launched strikes into Lamerd on that date, the mission maintained that reasonable grounds support classifying both incidents as war crimes.

米纳卜沙贾拉·塔伊巴小学的遇袭事件造成至少156人死亡，其中包括120名儿童和26名教师，成为近年来美军行动中平民伤亡最严重的事件之一。联合国调查人员与知情人士透露，袭击发生时美军正针对邻近的伊斯兰革命卫队海军基地展开打击，但美国中央司令部依据国防情报局提供的过时情报设定了打击坐标，将导弹直接引向了该小学。

The strike on the Shajareh Tayyiba primary school in Minab resulted in at least 156 fatalities, including approximately 120 children and 26 teachers, marking one of the deadliest civilian casualty events in recent US military history. According to accounts from internal inquiries, US Central Command targeted the site using outdated intelligence supplied by the Defense Intelligence Agency while attempting to strike an adjacent Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps naval base, leading to target coordinates being placed directly on the school compound.

卫星图像记录了该地块的历史变化：2013年的卫星照片显示该小学与革命卫队基地曾处于同一复合院落内；但2016年的卫星图像证实院落已被修建隔离围栏，小学拥有独立的进出通道；2025年12月的卫星图像还显示数十人在学校操场上活动。调查团基于这些物理证据与历史档案判定，美军在策划行动时未能更新目标信息，直接导致了这场大规模平民伤亡。

Historical satellite imagery corroborates the evolution of the site over several years. While 2013 satellite photos indicated that the school and the neighboring Revolutionary Guard facility once formed a single compound, images captured in 2016 showed that a security fence had been erected to partition the school, along with a dedicated separate entrance. Furthermore, imagery from December 2025 documented dozens of people gathering in the schoolyard, providing visual confirmation of its civilian use prior to the strike.

在评估美军空袭行动的同时，联合国调查团的报告指出，伊朗当局在2025年12月下旬爆发的全国抗议期间对平民实施了广泛且系统性的镇压。调查结果显示，伊朗安全部队在针对示威者的行动中非法杀害了数千人，并实施了酷刑、任意拘留、强迫失踪以及对言论自由的严厉限制。人权团体评估认为，这是1979年宗教政权建立以来规模最大的一次镇压，遇害者中还包括多名路人。德黑兰方面则将抗议归咎于受美国和以色列等外部势力支持的动乱分子。

Alongside its scrutiny of American airstrikes, the United Nations fact-finding mission determined that Iranian authorities engaged in widespread and systematic attacks against civilians during nationwide protests that erupted in late December 2025. The report documented severe human rights violations committed by security forces, including the unlawful killing of thousands of people, torture, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, and harsh restrictions on freedom of expression. Human rights organizations described the measures as the largest crackdown since Shiite clerics took power in 1979, with bystanders among the casualties. Tehran, meanwhile, attributed the unrest to rioters supported by foreign adversaries, including the United States and Israel.

调查报告同时记录了调查人员在收集证据过程中面临的多方合作阻碍。伊朗政府拒绝了调查团提出的无阻碍实地准入请求，且仅对联合国大约四分之一的调取信息问询作出回复。与此同时，调查团向美国官员提出的会面请求以及向以色列政府索取相关信息的函件也均未获得答复。尽管遭遇信息获取受限的情况，调查专家仍通过整合多方证词与外部独立资料完成了此项法律定性。

The mission also highlighted significant operational limitations encountered during its inquiry due to a lack of responsiveness from key governments. Iranian authorities denied investigators unhindered access to the country and responded to only about a quarter of the mission's official information requests. In addition, meeting requests submitted to US government officials and inquiries directed to the Israeli government went entirely unanswered. Despite these cooperation barriers, the independent expert panel finalized its legal conclusions using witness interviews, remote data collection, and independent expert documentation.

针对联合国调查团的指控，白宫与美国国务院均公开否认报告的可信度。白宫发言人安娜·凯利发表声明称，人权理事会长期发表不严肃言论，并表示在这场冲突中唯一犯下战争罪的是伊朗政权，指控其杀害本国平民、杀害海外美国人、在霍尔木兹海峡实施恐怖行动并对邻国发动无差别攻击。美国国务院官员指出，特朗普总统已于2025年2月签署行政命令正式退出人权理事会，指责该机构奉行反美与反犹主义并姑息压迫性政权。五角大楼则重申其内部调查仍在进行中，尚未公布正式结果。

The White House and the State Department rejected the UN fact-finding mission's findings, denying the credibility of the report. White House spokesperson Anna Kelly stated that the UN human rights body had produced non-serious rhetoric for decades, asserting that the Iranian regime is the sole party responsible for war crimes in the conflict through killings of its own citizens, attacks on Americans overseas, maritime disruption in the Strait of Hormuz, and strikes across the region. A State Department official noted that President Donald Trump formally withdrew the US from the UN Human Rights Council via executive order in February 2025, accusing the council of anti-Americanism, antisemitism, and appeasing repressive regimes. The Department of Defense reiterated that its internal inquiry remains ongoing.

在这份报告发布之际，围绕中东局势的潜在外交接触出现新动向。美国政府已批准伊朗代表团赴纽约参加即将举行的联合国大会，预计代表团成员包括伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽希齐扬与外交部长阿巴斯·阿拉格奇。美国国务院发言人表示，伊朗代表团将受到严格的旅行限制，并被禁止购买奢侈品等物品。多名政府官员透露，海湾阿拉伯国家、美国与伊朗可能在下周联合国大会期间举行多边会议，以探讨重启有关中东冲突的谈判。

Amid the dispute over the report, diplomatic activity surrounding the Middle East conflict has shown tentative signs of movement ahead of the United Nations General Assembly. The US approved travel for an Iranian delegation expected to include President Masoud Pezeshkian and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, while imposing strict movement limits and prohibiting luxury purchases. According to government officials, multilateral discussions between Gulf Arab states, the US, and Iran could potentially take place on the sidelines of the General Assembly next week.