特朗普威胁若鲍威尔5月不离职将予以解职，美联储总部遭突击调查Trump Threatens to Fire Fed Chair Powell if He Does Not Respite in May

特朗普与鲍威尔之间的矛盾已持续数年，主要集中在货币政策的走向。特朗普一直敦促美联储大幅降息，而鲍威尔则坚持根据经济数据独立决策。随着5月15日任期截止日期的临近，特朗普明确表示不希望看到任何延期。尽管特朗普已经提名凯文·沃什接替鲍威尔，但参议院的确认程序往往需要数周甚至数月。鲍威尔留任的意图本是为了避免权力真空，但特朗普将其视为对其权威的挑战。

The friction between Trump and Powell has spanned years, primarily centered on the direction of monetary policy. Trump has consistently urged the Fed to aggressively cut interest rates, while Powell has maintained a stance of data-dependent independence. As the May 15 deadline approaches, Trump has made it clear that he will not tolerate any extension of Powell's tenure. Although Trump has named Kevin Warsh as the intended replacement, the Senate confirmation process often takes weeks or months. Powell's plan to stay on was intended to prevent a leadership vacuum, yet Trump views this as a direct challenge to his executive authority.

• 鲍威尔任期截止日期：2026年5月15日
• 特朗普提名的继任者：凯文·沃什
• 核心分歧：鲍威尔拒绝在未获确认前离职，且拒绝按政治要求降息

• Powell's term expiration date: May 15, 2026
• Trump's nominated successor: Kevin Warsh
• Core conflict: Powell's refusal to leave before confirmation and resistance to political pressure for rate cuts

在特朗普发出解职威胁的同时，司法部对美联储的压力也在升级。本周，来自美国检察官让尼娜·皮罗（Jeanine Pirro）办公室的两名检察官和一名调查员在未事先通知的情况下，出现在美联储总部的施工现场。该调查针对的是一项预算达25亿美元的翻修工程，特朗普此前曾多次批评该项目存在严重的超支问题。调查人员试图进入现场，但被建筑承包商拒绝，并被告知需联系美联储的律师。

Simultaneous with Trump's dismissal threats, Department of Justice pressure on the Federal Reserve has intensified. This week, two prosecutors and an investigator from U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirro's office made an unannounced visit to the construction site at the Fed's headquarters. The probe focuses on a $2.5 billion renovation project that Trump has frequently criticized for excessive cost overruns. The investigators were turned away by a building contractor and referred to the Federal Reserve's legal counsel, marking a rare and aggressive move by federal law enforcement against the central bank's administrative operations.

法律专家指出，特朗普对鲍威尔的刑事调查和解职威胁可能会产生适得其反的效果。如果这些行动被视为对美联储独立性的政治干预，可能会在法律上为鲍威尔留任提供理由，甚至引发宪法层面的诉讼。此外，市场对这种政治干预高度敏感。美联储作为全球最重要的中央银行，其领导层的动荡和独立性的丧失可能导致投资者信心下降，引发金融市场的剧烈波动。目前，司法部的调查仍在继续，而5月15日的最后期限正迅速逼近。

Legal experts suggest that Trump's criminal investigation and threats to fire Powell could backfire. If these actions are perceived as political interference in the Fed's independence, they may provide legal grounds for Powell to remain in office or spark a constitutional crisis. Furthermore, markets are highly sensitive to such political meddling. As the world's most influential central bank, any instability in the Fed's leadership or perceived loss of independence could erode investor confidence and trigger significant market volatility. Currently, the Justice Department's probe remains active as the May 15 deadline rapidly approaches.