特朗普在联大发表讲话聚焦美伊战事与加沙和平进程Trump Addresses UN General Assembly on Iran Conflict and Gaza Peace Plan

美国常驻联合国代表沃尔兹在吹风会上表示，特朗普在第81届联大一般性辩论中的演讲着重阐明其政府如何正面应对前几任政府搁置的复杂国际问题。美方官员指出，演讲的核心内容围绕中东冲突展开，包括对持续近七个月的美伊战事的处置、确保伊朗绝不获取核武器的战略目标，以及推动以色列与哈马斯之间加沙二十点和平计划的落实进展。

U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Mike Waltz told reporters ahead of the general debate that Trump's address focuses on how his administration has directly confronted complex global challenges that previous administrations allowed to fester. According to U.S. officials previewing the speech, central themes include the management of the war with Iran as it reaches the seven-month mark, the strategic imperative of ensuring Tehran never obtains a nuclear weapon, and progress updates on the 20-point peace plan between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.

白宫在演讲前夕披露，除中东局势外，特朗普的发言还涵盖西半球安全事务与美国在该地区采取的行动。根据联大会议议程安排，特朗普作为周二上午第二位发言的领导人登台，排在巴西总统卢拉之后。此次演讲发生之际，美国政府正面对多重地缘挑战交织的局面，包括俄乌战事走向以及与中国在技术和经贸领域的战略竞争。

The White House also indicated that Trump's remarks would address broader developments and U.S. actions across the Western Hemisphere. Scheduled as the second speaker of Tuesday morning's session immediately following Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Trump takes the rostrum as his administration navigates multiple overlapping global crises, from the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine to intensifying strategic competition with China over technology and trade.

美国财政部长贝森特在受访时宣布，美方自周三起全面封锁伊朗所有航空公司的运营服务。根据该项措施，任何在伊朗飞机降落后为其提供燃油、地面保障或机票销售支持的实体，都将面临被排除在美元结算体系之外的惩罚。美国高级官员同时指出，国务卿鲁比奥在联大期间与多国外长展开会晤，并向各方明确传达继续与伊朗开展经贸往来将承担相应后果的政策立场。美方已向赴纽约参会的伊朗小型代表团发放签证，但尚未确认美伊领导人是否会有直接互动。

U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced that Washington will shut down international services for all Iranian airlines starting Wednesday. Under the enforcement framework, foreign entities that provide landing services, refueling, or ticket sales to Iranian aircraft risk losing access to the U.S. dollar banking system. Senior U.S. officials noted that Secretary of State Marco Rubio is holding talks on the sidelines of the summit to convey that continuing commerce with Tehran will carry tangible consequences. Although the United States issued visas for a small Iranian delegation to attend the assembly, officials did not confirm whether any direct interaction would take place between U.S. and Iranian leaders.

伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬计划在联大发言并阐述伊方在冲突中的立场，同时安排了与多国代表的多场双边会谈。原油市场在多重消息影响下剧烈波动，布伦特原油11月期货价格下跌0.64%至每桶99.70美元，西得克萨斯中质原油10月期货价格下跌2.07%至每桶93.80美元，回吐了此前因制裁引发的涨幅。尽管美方实施新一轮航空限制，但日本共同社报道称伊朗提议在七天内重新开放霍尔木兹海峡，这一未获独立核实的消息以及外交接触预期推动了油价回落。

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian is scheduled to address the assembly and hold talks with counterparts between September 22 and September 28 to present Tehran's official stance on regional hostilities. Crude oil markets experienced sharp swings in response to these developments, with Brent crude futures dropping 0.64% to $99.70 per barrel and U.S. West Texas Intermediate futures falling 2.07% to $93.80 per barrel, erasing earlier gains triggered by sanctions news. The pullback followed an unverified Kyodo report claiming Tehran offered to reopen the Strait of Hormuz within seven days, alongside investor hopes for diplomatic dialogue.

在第81届联大一般性辩论进行期间，特朗普展开了一系列双边与多边外交接洽。乌克兰总统泽连斯基在会面前表示，此次与特朗普的会晤可能带来重大改变，并指出推动与克里姆林宫达成能源休战目前具备外交势头。此前特朗普签署了已故参议员林赛·格雷厄姆主导的涉俄制裁法案。与此同时，特朗普计划与委内瑞拉临时总统罗德里格斯举行两人的首次正式会晤，该会面发生在美方抓捕委内瑞拉前领导人马杜罗之后，目前马杜罗正被羁押在布鲁克林监狱候审。

Alongside the general debate at the 81st United Nations General Assembly, Trump engaged in a packed series of bilateral and multilateral diplomatic meetings. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy noted ahead of their talks that the meeting could change a lot, pointing to diplomatic momentum behind a push for an energy truce with the Kremlin. The discussion followed Trump's enactment into law of a Russian sanctions bill championed by the late Senator Lindsey Graham. Trump was also scheduled to hold his first face-to-face meeting with Venezuelan interim President Delcy Rodriguez following the U.S. capture of former Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro, who remains in a Brooklyn jail awaiting trial.

白宫官员透露，特朗普还安排了与海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会领导人的会谈，重点讨论美伊战争以及霍尔木兹海峡的安全保障。在多边防务合作方面，特朗普参与了与丹麦及格陵兰领导人的三方签署仪式，正式落实格陵兰安全协议。根据该项协议安排，美方将接管格陵兰的相关军事行动并对当地安全事务保持长期掌控，旨在平息此前围绕该地区的紧张对峙局面。此外，特朗普在联大期间还同英国和日本领导人进行了沟通。

White House officials indicated that Trump additionally scheduled talks with leaders of the Gulf Cooperation Council, with the conflict involving Iran and maritime security across the Strait of Hormuz slated as primary discussion items. On the defense front, Trump participated in a trilateral signing ceremony alongside leaders from Denmark and Greenland to formalize a new Greenland security accord. Under the arrangement, the United States takes over military operations and assumes permanent control over security on the island to resolve a protracted standoff. Trump also engaged with the leaders of the United Kingdom and Japan during the summit.

在第81届联大召开之际，特朗普政府继续推进针对联合国体制与运营支出的重组方案。美国常驻联合国代表沃尔兹在国会作证及采访中透露，美方团队推动联合国常规预算实现15%的历史性削减，直接减少5.7亿美元支出并裁减近3000个总部工作岗位，为美国纳税人节省1.26亿美元，目前总体预算削减规模已累计达到10亿美元。美方同时对该机构约10万名雇员的薪酬结构提出质疑，指出其平均薪资比同等美国公务员高出约17%。

Alongside the 81st General Assembly session, the Trump administration pressed forward with its drive to restructure United Nations operations and curb institutional spending. U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Mike Waltz stated in congressional testimony and interviews that U.S. negotiators pushed through an initial 15% reduction in the UN regular budget, cutting $570 million, eliminating nearly 3,000 headquarters positions, and saving U.S. taxpayers $126 million, with cumulative budget reductions now totaling $1 billion. U.S. officials also raised scrutiny over the compensation structure across the organization's roughly 100,000 personnel, who Waltz noted receive about 17% higher pay than comparable U.S. civil servants.

除行政开支外，沃尔兹重点推动重组部分长期维和任务，批评部分派驻行动如刚果民主共和国每年耗资10亿美元且持续30年，未能有效促成政治解决方案，甚至被个别国家作为军队装备报销的获利工具。随着现任秘书长古特雷斯的任期走向尾声，多位继任候选人倾向支持白宫倡导的精简方案，以避免美方彻底切断资金支持。然而，联合国安理会五大常任理事国均拥有否决权，若大国博弈导致新人选无法达成共识，各方可能考虑将古特雷斯的任期延长一年。

The administration's overhaul agenda also focuses on restructuring long-standing peacekeeping missions. Waltz cited examples such as the peacekeeping deployment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which costs $1 billion annually and has spanned 30 years without producing a political resolution, while allowing contributing countries to treat deployments as financial subsidies. Meanwhile, the impending race to succeed Secretary-General António Guterres has seen several emerging candidates embrace White House-backed reforms to avoid potential U.S. funding cuts. However, veto powers held by permanent members of the UN Security Council leave the succession contest unpredictable, with members potentially extending Guterres's term by one year if diplomatic consensus stalls.

在结束纽约联合国的相关议程后，特朗普定于周三在白宫接待对美进行国事访问的中国国家主席习近平。这是习近平自奥巴马执政时期以来首次对美国进行国事访问。双方会谈的核心议程之一是讨论延长即将在11月到期的双边贸易休战协议。两国元首曾在去年秋季韩国会晤期间同意暂停稀土出口管制与报复性关税措施一年，并在同年5月的会晤中就建立经贸合作机制与寻求建设性战略稳定达成一致。

Following his engagements at the United Nations in New York, Trump is scheduled to host Chinese President Xi Jinping at the White House on Wednesday for his first state visit to the United States since the Obama administration. A primary focus of the summit is whether to extend a bilateral trade truce that is set to expire in November. At a meeting in South Korea last fall, Trump and Xi agreed to suspend rare earth export controls and retaliatory tariff measures for one year, followed by a meeting in May where both sides committed to developing new economic cooperation mechanisms and pursuing constructive strategic stability.

双边履约进度呈现分化态势。根据路透社统计，中方近几周增加了对美国大豆的采购，已完成今年2500万吨年度承诺目标的近一半；但波音公司首席执行官奥特伯格在摩根士丹利活动中对中方落实200架客机采购承诺的前景表达了谨慎态度。除大豆与飞机采购外，华盛顿对在人工智能领域保持领先地位的关切日益上升，两国元首预计还将就人工智能竞争、台湾问题、能源地缘政治以及伊朗局势等议题展开深入磋商。

Progress on bilateral purchasing commitments remains mixed heading into the Washington talks. According to Reuters, China has accelerated purchases of American soybeans in recent weeks, completing nearly half of its annual target of 25 million tons; however, Boeing CEO Kelly Ortberg downplayed expectations during an event with Morgan Stanley regarding Beijing fulfilling a commitment for 200 aircraft. Beyond agricultural and aerospace trade, Washington's concerns have expanded around maintaining its lead in the artificial intelligence race, with the two leaders also expected to discuss AI rivalry, Taiwan, energy geopolitics, and developments surrounding Iran.