瑞士选民公投否决收紧中立宪法提案Swiss Voters Reject Referendum on Stricter Neutrality Rules

瑞士选民在周日的公投中正式否决了收紧中立规则的宪法提案，从而确保了联邦政府继续保留灵活解读中立原则的行政裁量权。这一投票结果直接避免了将中立政策进行僵化立法的法律约束，使伯尔尼方面能够继续维持针对俄罗斯的各项既定制裁措施，而无需被迫修改现行的对外经济限制政策。

Swiss voters formally rejected the constitutional proposal to tighten neutrality rules in Sunday's referendum, ensuring that the federal government maintains its discretionary authority to interpret the longstanding doctrine with flexibility. The outcome directly averts rigid statutory constraints on foreign policy, allowing authorities in Bern to preserve established sanctions against Russia without being forced to dismantle or alter current economic restrictions.

依据现行宪法框架，瑞士自1848年起虽确立了中立原则，但并未详尽界定其在具体外交与防务事务中的执行方式。投票结果出炉后，瑞士联邦当局得以在不违反宪法的前提下，维持对国际制裁与多边外交行动的参与度，避免了因强制性中立限制而失去处理国际事务时的政策调整空间。

Under the existing constitutional framework, neutrality has been recognized as a core principle since 1848, but the specific methods for implementing it in diplomatic and defense affairs are not strictly prescribed. Following the referendum's defeat, federal authorities retain the leeway to participate in international sanctions regimes and multilateral diplomatic efforts, preventing rigid restrictions from curtailing the country's maneuvering room in external affairs.

这项由右翼团体“支持瑞士”提出并得到瑞士人民党支持的公民倡议，要求在宪法层面确立“永久武装中立”，除非国家遭受直接攻击，否则禁止与任何外国军事联盟展开合作。支持者指出，自乌克兰危机爆发以来，瑞士政府在外交与防务上过度向欧盟与北约靠拢，背离了传统立场。瑞士人民党副主席塞琳·阿莫德鲁兹在电视辩论中表示，该党的目标是促进和平、外交与对话，而实现这一目标必须依靠永久武装中立来维持国家公信力。

The initiative brought forward by the right-wing association Pro Schweiz and backed by the Swiss People's Party sought to embed perpetual armed neutrality into the constitution, strictly barring the country from cooperating with foreign military alliances unless it came under direct attack. Proponents argued that federal authorities had moved too close to the European Union and NATO following Russia's war in Ukraine. During a televised debate, Swiss People's Party Vice President Celine Amaudruz stated that maintaining credibility through perpetual armed neutrality remains essential for fostering peace, diplomacy, and dialogue.

除瑞士人民党外，瑞士绝大多数主流政党和联邦内阁均对该提案表达了反对立场。反对阵营主张，在当今国际格局下，瑞士不能躲在中立的名义后，对侵略者与受害者采取等同对待的立场。瑞士外交部长伊尼亚齐奥·卡西斯在电视辩论中强调，瑞士的中立原则在实际执行中向来具备一定的灵活性，僵化的宪法限制将削弱国家应对多变外交局势的能力。

Nearly all other major political parties and the federal government strongly opposed the measure. Opponents argued that modern international realities prevent a nation from hiding behind neutrality to treat aggressors and victims equally. In a televised debate, Swiss Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis defended the existing framework, maintaining that neutrality has historically been applied with a degree of flexibility, which rigid constitutional mandates would undermine.

自拿破仑战争于1815年结束以来，瑞士的中立地位已在国际上获得承认，并自此未曾卷入任何外部军事冲突。这项原则虽在1848年被载入国家宪法，但关于经济制裁等具体举措是否会削弱中立本质，瑞士国内始终存在分歧。随着俄罗斯在乌克兰推进军事行动，加上美国对北约等传统同盟机制施加压力，欧洲整体安全环境发生了深刻变化，促使公众与政界重新审视这一百年国策的实际内涵。

Swiss neutrality has been recognized internationally since the conclusion of the Napoleonic wars in 1815, during which time the country has not engaged in any foreign military conflict. While the core doctrine was codified into the federal constitution in 1848, domestic debates have continued over whether foreign policy instruments like economic sanctions run counter to that longstanding commitment. Russia's ongoing military campaign in Ukraine and United States pressure on traditional security partnerships such as NATO have reshaped Europe's security landscape, driving renewed scrutiny over the practical boundaries of Swiss neutrality.

在欧洲安全形势重塑的过程中，奥地利与爱尔兰等其他欧洲传统中立国已逐步增加防务支出，并深化了与北约的合作关系。相比之下，瑞士通过本次公投辩论，展示了在维护1815年确立的武装中立传统与适应现代国际外交协作之间的政策平衡考量，反映出中立国在面对多边安全挑战时探索不同路径的现实选择。

Across Europe, other traditionally neutral nations including Austria and Ireland have responded to the shifting environment by expanding their national defense budgets and strengthening operational ties with NATO. In contrast, the debate surrounding the Swiss popular vote demonstrates how Bern navigates the balance between its post-1815 tradition of armed neutrality and the demands of modern multilateral diplomacy, reflecting distinct strategic choices among neutral states responding to regional security pressures.

周日的现场投票于当地时间上午10点（格林尼治标准时间08:00）开始，投票站于中午12点关闭，计票结果在随后的约一小时内揭晓。在此次公投之前，瑞士广播电视集团（SBC）本月早些时候公布的民意调查显示，收紧中立解释的提案缺乏通过所需的民意基础，当时约有63%的受访者表示打算投反对票，仅有34%的受访者计划支持该倡议。

In-person voting for the national referendum opened at 10:00 a.m. local time (08:00 GMT) and polling stations across Switzerland closed at noon, with voting outcomes becoming clear approximately one hour later. Heading into the balloting, public opinion had foreshadowed the measure's defeat. According to a pre-vote poll released earlier in the month by the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SBC), roughly 63% of surveyed respondents stated they intended to vote against tightening the definition of neutrality, compared to 34% who expressed plans to back the initiative.

除了关于中立地位的宪法倡议外，瑞士选民在同一天还就另一项关于国家粮食安全的公民倡议进行了投票表决。该粮食安全提案呼吁确保瑞士民众在任何时候都能获得充足、优质且负担得起的食物供应，并明确要求瑞士大幅提高本国农产品与食品的自给自足水平。

Alongside the neutrality measure, Swiss citizens also voted on a separate national ballot initiative concerning food security on Sunday. That concurrent initiative called on federal authorities to guarantee that the population maintains access to sufficient, high-quality, and affordable food at all times, with its core provisions requiring Switzerland to produce significantly more of its own agricultural and food supplies domestically.