美国最高法院裁决允许特朗普政府终止海地和叙利亚移民的TPS保护Supreme Court Rules Trump Administration Can Terminate TPS for Haitian and Syrian Migrants

在周四公布的裁决中，最高法院在名为《马林诉多伊案》（Mullin v. Doe）的诉讼中做出了有利于特朗普政府的判决。这项6比3的裁决直接推翻了此前由联邦下级法院法官做出的判决，那些下级法院判决曾阻止了政府终止海地和叙利亚移民临时保护身份（TPS）的计划。最高法院的裁决意味着，这些移民无法再通过向联邦法院起诉来推迟其合法身份的撤销，从而为政府取消这些保护铺平了道路。

In the ruling handed down on Thursday, the Supreme Court decided in favor of the Trump administration in the case of Mullin v. Doe. The 6-3 decision directly overturned previous rulings by federal lower court judges, which had blocked the administration's plans to terminate the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Haitian and Syrian migrants. The high court's ruling means that these individuals cannot turn to federal courts to postpone the revocation of their legal status while challenging the administration's policies, clearing the way for the government to proceed with the terminations.

此次诉讼的核心在于国土安全部决定终止这些移民项目的行政权力。尽管下级法院此前暂缓了终止令，但最高法院的保守派多数意见认为，移民无权获得推迟终止其临时驱逐保护的司法命令。这一判决直接影响到数十万名长期在美国生活和工作的移民，使他们面临失去合法身份的境地。

The dispute centered on the Department of Homeland Security's authority to end the programs. While lower courts had previously postponed the terminations, the Supreme Court's conservative majority held that the migrants are not entitled to judicial orders delaying the end of their temporary deportation protections. This decision directly impacts hundreds of thousands of individuals who have lived and worked in the United States under these protections.

在大法官塞缪尔·阿利托撰写的多数派意见书中，最高法院明确指出，临时保护身份（TPS）法律明文禁止对根据联邦法律提出的非宪法诉求进行司法审查。这一裁决极大地限制了移民和移民权利团体起诉政府的能力，使他们无法指控政府在终止该项目时违反了联邦法律。通过认定联邦法院无权审查此类非宪法诉求，最高法院的保守派多数意见实际上关闭了反对者用以推迟或阻止政府移民政策的主要法律途径。

In the majority opinion, Justice Samuel Alito explained that the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) statute plainly bars judicial review of non-constitutional claims brought under federal law. This restriction significantly limits the ability of immigrants and advocacy groups to challenge the government's TPS determinations in court, particularly when alleging that the administration violated federal law in terminating the program. By ruling that federal courts lack the authority to review these non-constitutional claims, the Supreme Court's conservative majority effectively shut down a primary legal avenue used by opponents to delay or block the administration's immigration policies.

此外，多数派意见还针对原告提出的宪法诉求进行了回应。最高法院的保守派多数表示，来自海地的原告声称特朗普政府政策违反了宪法规定的平等保护条款，这一主张不太可能成功。尽管海地原告指控政府终止其保护身份的决定是出于种族动机，但法院驳回了这一论点，认定此类平等保护主张缺乏足够的成功可能性，不足以阻止政府推进其既定计划。

Furthermore, the majority addressed the constitutional arguments raised by the plaintiffs. The court's conservative majority stated that the plaintiffs from Haiti are unlikely to succeed in their argument that the Trump administration violated the Constitution's guarantee of equal protection. The Haitian plaintiffs had argued that the administration's decision to terminate their protected status was motivated by race, but the court rejected this claim, determining that such equal protection arguments lacked sufficient likelihood of success to warrant halting the administration's plans.

此次裁决将直接影响数十万名在美长期居住的移民，其中包括大约35万名海地人以及6100名叙利亚人。根据联邦法律，临时保护身份（TPS）是美国政府授予特定外国国民的特殊人道主义庇护。当这些国民的母国因爆发武装冲突、发生严重自然灾害或其他非正常临时状况，导致无法安全接纳其国民返回时，美国会向其授予该身份，允许其在美合法居留与工作。

The Supreme Court's ruling directly impacts hundreds of thousands of immigrants who have built lives in the United States, specifically affecting approximately 350,000 Haitians and 6,100 Syrians. Under federal law, Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is designated for foreign nationals whose home countries are temporarily unable to safely handle their return. This humanitarian protection is typically granted by the U.S. government due to ongoing armed conflict, environmental disasters, or other extraordinary and temporary conditions in those nations.

在受影响的群体中，海地移民占了绝大多数。美国首次向海地人授予临时保护身份是在2010年海地发生毁灭性大地震之后，当时该国基础设施遭到严重破坏，无法应对大规模人口回迁。自那时起，许多海地人便一直依赖该项目在美合法生活。如今，随着最高法院裁决允许特朗普政府终止这些保护，这些长期在美扎根的移民将面临失去合法身份并被驱逐出境的风险。

Haitian migrants constitute the vast majority of the population affected by this legal development. The United States first extended TPS to Haitian nationals in the aftermath of a catastrophic earthquake that struck the island nation in 2010. Since then, many recipients have lived and worked legally in the U.S. for over a decade. With the high court clearing the way for the Trump administration to terminate these designations, these individuals now face the loss of their legal status and the prospect of deportation.

在做出关于临时保护身份裁决的同一天，最高法院还公布了另一项针对边境移民的重要判决。在这项单独的裁决中，最高法院判定，在未踏上美国领土之前在南部边境被拒之门外的移民，无权申请庇护。这一判决意味着，在边境关口被美国执法人员拦截并拒绝入境的寻求庇护者，无法在进入美国领土前通过法律途径主张庇护权利。

On the same day as the Temporary Protected Status decision, the Supreme Court handed down another major immigration ruling concerning border enforcement. In this separate decision, the high court held that migrants who are turned away at the southern border before actually entering the United States are not entitled to apply for asylum. This ruling establishes that asylum seekers stopped at the border before setting foot on U.S. soil cannot claim asylum protections under U.S. law.

这两项在同一天公布的裁决，为特朗普政府带来了双重的重大移民政策胜利。通过限制未入境移民的庇护申请权，以及允许政府终止数十万海地和叙利亚移民的临时保护身份，最高法院在很大程度上支持了政府收紧移民控制的政策立场，并削弱了移民在边境和法庭上挑战这些行政决定的法律依据。

Together, these two rulings on the same day delivered a double victory for the Trump administration's immigration agenda. By ruling against asylum eligibility for migrants turned away at the border and simultaneously clearing the way to end temporary protections for hundreds of thousands of Haitian and Syrian nationals, the Supreme Court significantly bolstered the administration's authority to enforce stricter border policies and limit legal challenges.

最高法院的裁决公布后，纽约州和马萨诸塞州等民主党执政州的领导人迅速做出反应。这些民主党地方领导人立即召开新闻发布会，对最高法院的判决表示强烈谴责，并承诺将在地方层面展开抵抗。例如，纽约州州长凯茜·霍楚尔明确表示，纽约州将继续为移民的权益而奋斗，表达了地方政府对联邦移民政策收紧的抵制态度。

Following the Supreme Court's decisions, Democratic leaders in blue states, including New York and Massachusetts, immediately held news conferences to denounce the rulings and pledge local resistance. New York Governor Kathy Hochul declared that her state would continue fighting for immigrants, demonstrating strong opposition to the high court's backing of the Trump administration's efforts to end Temporary Protected Status for Haitian and Syrian migrants.

与此同时，这一裁决也在国会内部引发了不同声音。一名重要的共和党众议院议员打破了党派立场，对裁决可能引发的后果表达了关切。该议员指出，取消数十万移民的合法身份并限制边境庇护申请，可能会引发一场迫在眉睫的医疗保健危机。这一表态表明，尽管特朗普政府在法庭上取得了重大胜利，但其移民政策在国会内部以及地方层面依然面临着关于社会公共福利和人道主义影响的实质性担忧。

At the same time, the rulings prompted a prominent House Republican to break ranks with the party, raising concerns over the broader societal fallout. The lawmaker expressed deep worry that the sudden loss of legal status for hundreds of thousands of individuals, combined with the restriction on asylum claims at the southern border, could trigger a looming healthcare crisis. This bipartisan concern highlights the potential public health and local administrative challenges that critics fear will follow the administration's legal victories.