SpaceX成功上市首日大涨19% 估值达2.1万亿美元超越特斯拉SpaceX Surges 19% in Historic IPO Debut, Overtaking Tesla's Valuation

在2026年6月12日的纳斯达克首秀中，SpaceX（股票代码：SPCX）以每股135美元的发行价成功募资750亿美元，创下有史以来规模最大的首次公开募股纪录。交易首日，该公司股价开盘报150美元，较发行价上涨约11%。在随后的交易中，股价一度攀升至176.52美元的日内高点，比发行价上涨近31%。最终，该股收于160.95美元（部分报道约161美元），首日涨幅达19.2%。

SpaceX made history on Friday, June 12, 2026, by pricing its Nasdaq initial public offering at $135 per share under the ticker SPCX, raising $75 billion in the largest IPO ever recorded. The stock opened at $150, representing an initial 11% gain over its offering price. During intraday trading, the shares peaked at $176.52, climbing nearly 31% from the IPO price, before closing the session at $160.95 (reported by some outlets as approximately $161), securing a first-day gain of 19.2%.

这一强劲的表现使SpaceX的市值达到约2.1万亿美元，而在随后的盘后交易中，其市值又继续上涨了约1000亿美元。佛罗里达大学沃灵顿商学院IPO专家杰伊·里特教授指出，尽管开盘价格低于预测市场的预期，但考虑到此次交易的庞大规模，如果股价能够企稳，其创造的早期股票回报美元价值将超越历史上任何一次IPO。Freedom Capital Markets首席市场策略师杰伊·伍兹也表示，首日交易无疑是一次成功的发行，表明了公众对该股的强劲需求。

This debut propelled the company's market valuation to approximately $2.1 trillion, with extended trading adding another $100 billion to its market capitalization. Jay Ritter, an IPO expert and professor at the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business, noted that while the opening price was lower than what betting markets had predicted, the sheer size of the deal means that if the stock price holds, it will generate more dollar value in early stock returns than any IPO in history. Jay Woods, chief market strategist at Freedom Capital Markets, also called the debut a successful launch that demonstrated strong public demand.

随着SpaceX在上市首日估值突破2万亿美元大关，埃隆·马斯克旗下的商业帝国版图迎来了历史性的重塑。在这场重组中，特斯拉公司不再是马斯克庞大互联企业群中估值最高的旗舰代表，SpaceX已正式超越特斯拉，成为马斯克投资组合中最具价值的公司。这一估值的飞跃不仅重新定义了其内部企业格局，也标志着马斯克个人财富积累迈向了全新的高度。

With SpaceX's valuation surging past the $2 trillion mark during its historic market debut, a significant reordering has taken place within Elon Musk's interconnected business empire. Tesla Inc. is no longer the most valuable company in Musk's portfolio, as SpaceX has officially overtaken the electric vehicle manufacturer to claim the top spot. This milestone marks a major shift in the relative weight of Musk's high-profile ventures.

得益于他在SpaceX和特斯拉中所持有的合并股权，此次SpaceX的成功上市和股价大涨，已助力马斯克正式成为全球首位万亿富豪。尽管SpaceX最初是以可回收火箭制造商的身份起家，但如今其估值已达到约2.1万亿美元，这一里程碑式的跨越不仅确立了其在太空与人工智能领域的领先地位，也彻底改变了马斯克旗下资产的分布格局。

The massive valuation surge has also propelled Musk to secure his status as the world's first trillionaire, a milestone driven by his combined ownership stakes in both SpaceX and Tesla. Although Musk originally founded SpaceX as a reusable rocket manufacturer, the company's rapid growth and its record-breaking public listing have reshaped his wealth profile, cementing its position as the crown jewel of his business empire.

在上市首日，SpaceX展现出了极其庞大的市场交易规模，全天换手量超过5亿股。这一惊人的交易量不仅远远超越了当年内所有其他IPO的表现，而且已经开始逼近Facebook在2012年上市首日创下的5.8亿股历史性交易纪录。Freedom Capital Markets首席市场策略师杰伊·伍兹指出，如此庞大的交易规模反映出公众对该股存在着强劲的需求。

On its debut day, SpaceX demonstrated massive market liquidity as more than 500 million shares exchanged hands. This extraordinary trading volume dwarfed all other initial public offerings seen in 2026 and closely approached the historic milestone set during Facebook's 2012 debut, which saw approximately 580 million shares traded. Jay Woods, chief market strategist at Freedom Capital Markets, highlighted that this immense volume reflected robust public demand for the newly listed stock.

然而，尽管首日交易取得了巨大成功，其开盘表现与此前市场的高度期待相比仍略显平淡。SpaceX的开盘价为150美元，低于最初向交易台展示的175美元意向价格。杰伊·伍兹透露，交易台最初甚至预期该股可能达到200美元。此外，佛罗里达大学教授杰伊·里特也指出，与预测市场此前的预期相比，这一开盘价格确实令人有些失望，但鉴于其交易价格仍远高于初始发行价，整体表现依然积极。

However, despite the overall successful launch, the opening price fell short of the heightened expectations circulating prior to the debut. SpaceX opened at $150 per share, which was lower than the $175 level initially shown in indications of interest to trading desks. Woods noted that initial thoughts on trading desks suggested the stock could reach as high as $200. Jay Ritter, an IPO expert and professor at the University of Florida, also remarked that the opening price was disappointing relative to what betting markets had predicted, though still positive given it traded well above the initial offer price.

埃隆·马斯克在首次公开募股前参加摩根大通的直播时表示，SpaceX自2015年左右以来一直保持现金流为正。他指出，选择在此时上市是为了给公司的“重大增长阶段”筹集资金。SpaceX计划利用IPO募集的750亿美元资金来支持多项重大规划，其中包括在轨道上部署超过10万颗通信卫星，以及在太空建立人工智能数据中心等项目。

Musk stated on a JPMorgan Chase livestream before the IPO that SpaceX has been cash-flow positive since around 2015. He explained that the decision to go public now was aimed at raising capital for a "significant growth phase." The company plans to use the $75 billion raised from the IPO to fund several major initiatives, including deploying more than 100,000 communications satellites in orbit and constructing artificial intelligence data centers in space.

尽管SpaceX在二级市场上获得了超过2万亿美元的极高估值，但其当前的盈利结构依然高度集中。目前，星链（Starlink）卫星互联网部门是该公司内部唯一实现盈利的业务板块。虽然马斯克最初创立SpaceX时将其定位为一家可回收火箭制造商，但其未来的持续增长将极大程度地依赖于这些新业务领域的拓展。

Although SpaceX has achieved a massive valuation of over $2 trillion, its financial structure shows that the Starlink satellite internet division is currently the only profitable part of the business. While Musk originally founded the company as a reusable rocket manufacturer, its future growth is heavily reliant on expanding these new initiatives.