韩国召见乌克兰外交官 抗议联大公开朝鲜战俘移交South Korea Summons Ukraine Envoy Over North Korean POW Disclosure

在泽连斯基向联合国大会发表讲话披露两名朝鲜战俘移交情况后，韩国总统李在明随即在社交媒体上表达失望，称不解乌方为何违背协议公开此事。韩国总统府随后将不满升级为正式外交交涉，召见乌克兰驻韩外交官员，就乌方未进行充分事前协商与通报便公开发言的做法提出抗议。

Following President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's UN General Assembly address disclosing the transfer of two North Korean prisoners of war, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung expressed disappointment on social media, questioning why Kyiv breached the understanding to make the matter public. South Korea's presidential office quickly elevated the dispute into a formal diplomatic protest, summoning Ukrainian diplomats in Seoul to object to Kyiv's announcement delivered without prior consultation or explanation.

成耆洪在声明中指出，最初提出战俘移交保密要求的是乌克兰方面，但基辅不仅单方面公开移交事实，还在事后发表虚假声明否认曾有保密协议。韩方表示，乌克兰的举动严重损害了两国政府间的互信与友好关系，韩方除了要求乌方正式解释并道歉外，正在研究可能采取的必要反制措施。

Senior presidential secretary Seong Ghi-hong emphasized that Ukraine had initially requested confidentiality regarding the transfer. He stated that Kyiv not only disclosed the operation unilaterally but also issued a false statement denying the existence of the non-disclosure agreement. Seong added that these actions severely damaged mutual trust and bilateral relations between the two governments, confirming that Seoul is reviewing necessary countermeasures alongside its demand for an official explanation and apology.

首尔与基辅在战俘移交过程中是否存在保密承诺上各执一词。韩国总统府强调，保密协议最初由乌克兰方面提出，旨在防止朝鲜战俘及其留在朝鲜国内的家属遭遇潜在人身危险与报复。首尔方面认为，公开战俘遣送地点打破了双边沟通的默契，并批评乌克兰官方在事后否认该协议存在的表态失实。

Seoul and Kyiv remain in sharp disagreement over whether a binding non-disclosure commitment governed the prisoner transfer. The South Korean presidential office maintained that Ukraine was the party that initially requested confidentiality, arguing that the measure was essential to safeguard the captured North Korean soldiers and their families back home from potential danger. Seoul argued that publicly identifying the receiving country breached operational understandings and called Kyiv's subsequent denial of the pact's existence factually inaccurate.

乌克兰政府则给出了截然相反的说法。乌克兰总统官方通信顾问德米特罗·利特温公开否认乌方违反了与韩国签署的任何保密协议。利特温在接受媒体采访时表示，对被移交战俘的具体遣送目的地进行隐瞒本身是错误的做法，为乌克兰公开披露该行动的透明度立场进行了辩护。

The Ukrainian government rejected Seoul's characterization of the arrangement. Dmytro Lytvyn, official communications adviser to President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, denied that Kyiv breached any non-disclosure agreement with South Korea. Speaking to media outlet Ukrainska Pravda, Lytvyn defended the public disclosure, arguing that concealing where transferred prisoners of war were being sent would be fundamentally wrong.

被移交的两名朝鲜士兵于2025年1月在俄罗斯库尔斯克地区被乌克兰军队俘获。当时，朝鲜向该地区部署了约1.4万名兵力，协助俄军应对乌克兰发起的突袭反攻行动。乌克兰军方报告指出，战地上的朝鲜士兵在陷入包围或负伤时多选择自尽而非投降，乌方最终仅活捉了这两名士兵。乌克兰情报部门估计，朝鲜参战部队中约有3000人阵亡、1500人受伤，其余人员仍驻扎在俄罗斯领土上，迄今没有朝鲜军队在乌克兰本土作战的记录。

The two transferred North Korean soldiers were captured by Ukrainian armed forces in Russia's Kursk region in January 2025. They were among an estimated 14,000 North Korean troops deployed to the region to help Russian forces resist and push back a surprise Ukrainian incursion. Ukrainian troops reported that North Korean soldiers who were surrounded or wounded on the battlefield largely chose suicide over surrender, resulting in only two being taken alive. According to Ukrainian intelligence assessments, around 3,000 North Korean soldiers were killed and 1,500 wounded in the fighting, with the remainder stationed on Russian soil and none confirmed to have operated inside Ukrainian territory.

接受这两名朝鲜战俘具有明确的法律依据。根据大韩民国宪法第三条规定，朝鲜居民在法律上被视为韩国公民，并获准在韩国定居生活。由于李在明政府一直致力于缓和并改善韩朝关系，首尔此前对接收这两名战俘表现出审慎态度。其中一名战俘早前接受韩国文化广播公司采访时曾透露，自己被俘后深感懊悔，甚至认为若是身带手榴弹宁愿选择战死也不愿被俘，这也成为首尔在移交问题上高度关注人身安全与保密的原因之一。

The legal framework for accepting the soldiers rests on Article 3 of South Korea's constitution, which defines North Koreans as South Korean citizens and permits them to reside in the South. While President Lee Jae Myung's administration, which has pursued improved relations with Pyongyang, previously appeared hesitant to take custody of the pair, constitutional obligations governed their admission. In a prior interview with South Korean broadcaster MBC, one of the captured soldiers expressed severe regret over being taken alive, stating he would have preferred dying by grenade over capture, highlighting the high-stakes personal safety concerns surrounding the transfer.

战俘移交被公开在韩国国内演变为朝野阵营的政治攻防。保守派在野党国民力量党领袖张东赫批评李在明政府试图隐瞒移交，指责政府是出于顾及朝鲜最高领导人金正恩的感受。执政党共同民主党则发表声明反驳，强调政府无意以此事谋取政治利益或邀功，敦促在野党不要将受国家保护人员的事务当作政治斗争工具，停止毫无根据的指责。

The public disclosure has fueled sharp domestic political contention across party lines in Seoul. Jang Dong-hyeok, leader of the conservative opposition People Power Party, accused President Lee Jae Myung's administration of attempting to conceal the POW transfer out of concern over North Korean leader Kim Jong-un's mood, arguing there was no justification for secrecy after identities were known. The ruling Democratic Party pushed back in a statement, stating it had no intention of exploiting the soldiers' arrival for political gain and urging the opposition to stop turning matters involving individuals under state protection into political strife.

朝韩关系专家与国际政治学者指出，公开披露脱北与移交战俘在历史上往往被平壤视作敌对信号，事件可能成为改善朝韩关系的阻碍。与此同时，庆南大学极东问题研究所研究员杜镇浩等学者分析，韩国正在评估的应对措施可能包括暂停向乌克兰提供非致命性军事和物资援助，包括头盔、防弹衣和医疗用品。韩国法律禁止向正处于武装冲突的国家出口杀伤性武器，双边互信受损可能使两国外交合作面临更多变数。

Academic analysts noted that public disclosures surrounding defections have historically been viewed by Pyongyang as hostile messages, creating additional friction for inter-Korean relations. Experts including Doo Jin-ho, a research fellow at Kyungnam University's Institute for Far Eastern Studies, noted that Seoul's ongoing review of potential countermeasures could include suspending non-lethal military and humanitarian support to Ukraine, such as helmets, bulletproof vests, and medical kits. South Korean law bars lethal weapons exports to active combat zones, and the damaged diplomatic trust may complicate future bilateral cooperation.