南非资深法学家纳维·皮莱荣获2026年诺贝尔和平奖South African Jurist Navi Pillay Wins 2026 Nobel Peace Prize

挪威诺贝尔委员会在奥斯陆正式公布第125届和平奖评选结果，指出纳维·皮莱展现了法律手段能够协助防止战争和暴力行为。诺委会强调，皮莱在漫长的职业生涯中展现了对普遍法律原则的恪守与坚定的道德指南针，她在推动起诉战争罪、危害人类罪以及种族灭绝方面发挥了关键作用。

In its official announcement in Oslo, the Norwegian Nobel Committee stated that Navanethem "Navi" Pillay has demonstrated how legal measures can help prevent acts of war and violence. The committee emphasized that Pillay's commitment to universal legal principles and her firm moral compass have served as constants throughout her career, noting that she has been instrumental in ensuring that war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide are prosecuted.

委员会在授奖声明中表明，皮莱追究国家和国家领导人的责任，为暴力与冲突的受害者带去了希望。诺委会指出，国内与国际层面的法治是维护和平与通过非暴力途径化解冲突的制度基石，皮莱凭借其独立性、专业素养以及坚定立场，成为当今时代备受尊敬的国际法学家之一。

According to the award citation, Pillay has consistently held states and national leaders accountable while bringing hope to victims of violence and conflict. The Nobel committee stated that the rule of law, both national and international, underpins the global framework established to ensure peace and resolve disputes non-violently, describing Pillay's independence, expertise, and steadfastness as qualities that make her one of the most respected international jurists of our time.

纳维·皮莱于1941年出生于南非德班，是印度裔泰米尔人后裔。她在南非纳塔尔省开设了律师事务所，成为当地首位开办律所的有色人种女性，并长期为反种族隔离活动人士进行法律辩护。1973年，皮莱成功起诉南非政府，确立了包括纳尔逊·曼德拉在内的罗本岛政治犯享有获得律师代理的合法权利。南非种族隔离制度于1994年终结后，她于1995年出任南非高等法院法官。

Born in Durban in 1941 to a family of Indian-Tamil descent, Navi Pillay became the first woman of color to open a legal practice in her home province of Natal, where she defended anti-apartheid activists. In 1973, she successfully sued the South African government to establish that political prisoners held on Robben Island, including Nelson Mandela, possessed the legal right to representation. Following the end of apartheid in 1994, Pillay was appointed a high court judge in South Africa in 1995.

随后，皮莱调任卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭，并在一宗具有里程碑意义的审判中主持裁定强奸与性侵犯行为可构成种族灭绝行为。此后，她进入国际刑事法院担任法官，并在2008年至2014年间出任联合国人权事务高级专员。挪威诺贝尔委员会主席弗里德内斯指出，从支持曼德拉和罗本岛囚犯，到参与处理当代重大国际法庭审判，皮莱的法律实践贯穿始终。

She was soon appointed to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, where she presided over a landmark ruling establishing that rape and sexual assault could constitute acts of genocide. Pillay later served as a judge at the International Criminal Court and held the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 2008 to 2014. Norwegian Nobel Committee Chair Jørgen Watne Frydnes observed that a consistent thread connects her early defense of Mandela and Robben Island prisoners to her central role across major international court cases.

纳维·皮莱近期主持了联合国巴勒斯坦被占领土独立国际调查委员会。该委员会于2025年9月发布调查结论，认定以色列在加沙地带犯有具有消灭当地巴勒斯坦人具体意图的种族灭绝行为，并指出以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡、总统艾萨克·赫尔佐格及前国防部长约阿夫·加兰特煽动实施种族灭绝。以色列方面指责该调查委员会存在偏见而拒绝与之配合，并谴责其报告荒谬无稽。皮莱在发布调查结果时表示，依照《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》所列标准，摧毁加沙巴勒斯坦人的意图十分明确。

Navi Pillay recently led the United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory. In findings released in September 2025, the commission concluded that Israel had carried out genocidal acts in the Gaza Strip with the specific intent to destroy Palestinians there, stating that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President Isaac Herzog, and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant had incited the commission of genocide. Israel refused to cooperate with the inquiry, arguing the body was biased, and rejected the published report as scandalous. When releasing the findings, Pillay stated that the documented acts met the legal criteria set forth in the Genocide Convention regarding intent to destroy Palestinians in Gaza.

此项调查发布之际，国际司法机构正承受来自主权国家层面的巨大压力。国际刑事法院在2024年对内塔尼亚胡发出逮捕令后，遭到以色列与美国特朗普政府的持续指责，美方随后对该法院实施了制裁。特朗普指责国际刑事法院针对美国及其盟友以色列采取非法且毫无根据的行动，而国际刑事法院则批驳美方制裁破坏了其司法独立性。挪威诺贝尔委员会主席弗里德内斯就此指出，国际法体系正经历强权政治对既定法律框架与全球司法尊重的侵蚀。

The inquiry emerged against broader political tensions confronting global judicial bodies. Following the International Criminal Court's issuance of an arrest warrant for Netanyahu in 2024, the court came under fire from both Israel and the Trump administration, with the United States imposing sanctions against ICC personnel. President Donald Trump described the court's proceedings as illegitimate and baseless actions targeting America and its ally Israel, while the ICC warned that the sanctions were designed to harm its independent and impartial judicial work. Norwegian Nobel Committee Chair Jørgen Watne Frydnes observed that international legal frameworks face mounting pressure from a shift toward power politics at the expense of established law.

得知获奖消息时，85岁的纳维·皮莱正在德国纽伦堡一座曾于80年前举办纽伦堡审判的法院大楼内参加人权会议。根据国际特赦组织秘书长发布的现场视频，皮莱在面对参会人员的热烈掌声时幽默回应称，如果大家再多鼓掌一会儿，她或许会考虑与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普分享这一奖项。特朗普此前曾多次公开宣称自己理应获得诺贝尔和平奖。皮莱同时展现了法律人的审慎风格，笑言由于自己长期担任律师和法官，首要反应是仍需核实该消息的真实性。

Navi Pillay learned of the award while attending a human rights conference in Nuremberg, Germany, inside the court complex that hosted the historic Nuremberg Trials eight decades ago. In a video shared on social media by the Secretary General of Amnesty International, Pillay reacted to the audience's applause with humor, remarking that if they clapped a little bit more, she might share the prize with US President Donald Trump, who had repeatedly claimed that he deserved the honor. Pillay added that, as a seasoned lawyer and judge, her immediate professional instinct was to verify whether the announcement was actually true.

皮莱在现场回顾加沙调查报告引发的关注时指出，外界常因她公开指认种族灭绝而赞扬其勇气，但讲出真相并不应该被视作需要特殊勇气的事情。与此同时，国际观察人士对该授奖决定作出了积极评价。挪威奥斯陆和平研究所代理所长哈康·耶尔勒夫指出，将和平奖颁发给皮莱，向面临政治施压的国际法院与法官传递了明确的声援信号。耶尔勒夫认为，诺委会敢于直面政治权力的阻力，同时通过表彰个人向公众表明，每个人都可以在自身岗位上为和平作出切实贡献。

Reflecting on the international reaction to her Gaza inquiry, Pillay noted her surprise at being praised for bravery in describing the documented acts as genocide, questioning why speaking the truth should require courage. Outside observers also characterized the award as a significant defense of international jurisprudence. Haakon Gjerløw, acting director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo, stated that honoring Pillay delivers an important message of support to international courts and judges facing pushback from political actors. Gjerløw added that the decision demonstrates that the Nobel Committee should not shy away from confronting powerful interests, while inspiring individuals that they can work toward peace in their own capacities.