中东冲突升级美伊互相打击 油价突破每桶100美元Oil Surges Past $100 as US and Iran Trade Middle East Strikes

在9月9日早盘交易中，最活跃的布伦特原油期货主力合约在以每桶97.89美元结算后跳涨2.4%，一度达到每桶100.29美元，随后略有回落至99.90美元附近；美国基准原油期货亦上涨1.9%，触及每桶94.77美元。自8月以来国际油价保持上涨趋势，布伦特和美国基准原油今年以来的累计涨幅均已超过60%，反映出在长达六个多月的冲突与海峡通航受阻期间能源市场的剧烈震荡。

During early morning trading on September 9, the most actively traded contract for global benchmark Brent crude jumped 2.4% to reach $100.29 a barrel after settling at $97.89, before easing back near $99.90. U.S. benchmark crude gained 1.9% to reach $94.77 a barrel. The latest rise continues an upward trend observed since August, bringing year-to-date gains for both Brent and U.S. crude benchmarks above 60% as commodity markets react to volatile trading over more than six months of hostilities and navigation curbs.

原油基准价格的持续飙升直接传导至下游能源市场，汽油、柴油和航空煤油价格同步走高。燃油成本的攀升加大了跨国长途航运与快速货运的开支，包括生鲜食品、家具和家用电器的运输均面临成本压力，同时也使通货膨胀问题再度成为多国央行关注的焦点。

The surge in benchmark oil prices has filtered directly into petroleum products, lifting the costs of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Rising fuel expenses are elevating transportation overhead for air freight, ocean transit, and long-distance shipping, which affects rapidly transported goods such as fresh food alongside bulk items like furniture and household appliances. These escalating logistics costs have also brought renewed inflation scrutiny for central banks managing broader consumer price pressures.

美国中央司令部周二通报，美军在阿曼湾摧毁了4艘伊朗油轮，包括“卡维兹”号（M/T Kaviz）、“查米纳”号（M/T Charminar）、“地平线1”号（M/T Horizon 1）和“里斯科”号（M/T Riesco），并在伊朗石油出口枢纽哈尔克岛附近击毁了“德里亚”号（M/T Derya）油轮。美军表示，此次军事行动是对伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队在过去两天内两次向一艘美国海军军舰发射弹道导弹的回应。美军舰艇避开了导弹袭击，没有美方人员在袭击中受伤。

U.S. Central Command announced Tuesday that American forces destroyed four Iranian oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman—identified as the M/T Kaviz, M/T Charminar, M/T Horizon 1, and M/T Riesco—alongside a fifth vessel, the M/T Derya, near Kharg Island, a critical export hub for Iranian crude. According to Centcom, the strikes were executed after the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps fired ballistic missiles at a U.S. Navy warship twice over a two-day span. The American warship successfully evaded the missile barrage, and military officials confirmed that no U.S. personnel were injured during the engagement.

在此次打击行动前，美军警告5艘油轮上的船员在战机发起打击前弃船，随后各船只均被击毁并失去航行能力。此前在周六，伊朗革命卫队曾使用弹道导弹试图袭击一艘美军航空母舰和一艘导弹驱逐舰但未成功，美军随即击毁了3艘伊朗油轮，并警告将在必要时摧毁伊朗暴露的油轮船队。交火加剧了双方在霍尔木兹海峡的航行控制权争夺，伊朗方面随后表态计划设立新的排他区域。

Prior to the Tuesday strikes, American forces directed the crews of the targeted tankers to abandon ship before delivering kinetic strikes that rendered the vessels inoperable. This operation followed an earlier confrontation on Saturday, when the U.S. military destroyed three Iranian tankers after the IRGC fired ballistic missiles toward a U.S. aircraft carrier and a guided-missile destroyer. The back-to-back maritime strikes center on disputes over navigational authority across the Strait of Hormuz, where U.S. officials warned they would target Iran's exposed tanker fleet and Iranian officials indicated plans to designate exclusion zones.

针对美军摧毁5艘油轮的军事行动，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队周三发表声明，称其海军部队在波斯湾及霍尔木兹海峡袭击了2艘美军舰艇和8艘油轮，并对目标造成重创。塔斯尼姆通讯社公布的声明称，这些船只当时试图穿越被伊朗划定为“禁行且不安全”的海域。伊朗军方还发布了据称是向美军船只和油轮发射导弹及无人机的视频。美军中央司令部对此尚未立即置评。

Following the destruction of five Iranian tankers by the United States, Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced Wednesday that its naval forces struck two American vessels and eight oil tankers across the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, claiming to have inflicted heavy damage. According to a statement carried by the semi-official Tasnim News Agency, the IRGC asserted that the targeted ships were attempting to navigate waters it had designated as forbidden and unsafe. The Iranian military also published video footage purportedly showing missiles and drones launched toward U.S. vessels and tankers. U.S. Central Command did not issue an immediate response to the maritime claims.

除海上交火外，伊朗官方媒体报道，伊朗向约旦境内的美军目标发射了弹道导弹。约旦军方通报，其防空系统成功拦截了飞向该国领土的18枚弹道导弹，另有2枚落在无人居住区，未造成人员伤亡。约旦作为驻扎美军的盟友，其军事基地多次成为伊朗袭击的目标，美军中央司令部表示暂无相关信息提供。

Beyond the maritime engagements, Iranian state-run media reported that forces launched ballistic missiles aimed at U.S. installations in Jordan. The Jordanian military stated that its air defense batteries intercepted 18 ballistic missiles fired toward its territory, while two additional missiles landed in uninhabited areas without causing casualties. Jordan, a regional ally hosting American troops whose bases have faced repeated Iranian strikes, reported no injuries, while U.S. Central Command stated it had no information to provide.

在美伊直接海上对抗的同时，地区能源基础设施面临的威胁进一步扩大。也门胡塞武装周二向沙特阿拉伯境内目标发动袭击，击中石油等基础设施并引发火灾。Planet Labs PBC提供的卫星图像显示，位于沙特阿卜哈以北的沙特阿美石油炼油厂上方升起黑烟。沙特主导的联军誓言作出回应，并通报袭击导致数十名平民受伤。此前胡塞武装还持续针对红海航行的油轮实施打击。

Alongside direct maritime clashes between the United States and Iran, regional energy infrastructure has faced widening attacks. Yemen-based Houthi forces launched strikes targeting oil and other infrastructure in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday, igniting fires. Satellite imagery provided by Planet Labs PBC showed black smoke rising from a Saudi Aramco refinery located north of Abha, Saudi Arabia. Saudi-led forces vowed to respond to the strikes, reporting that dozens of civilians were injured in the assault, while Houthi forces also continued their targets against tankers navigating the Red Sea corridor.

沙特基础设施遇袭加剧了市场对战事向整个中东地区蔓延的担忧，威胁到更广泛的石油生产与出口流动。冲突已导致霍尔木兹海峡的大部分商业航运陷入停滞。战前全球约五分之一的原油供应需经由该狭窄水道外运，航道受阻引发了对国际供应链长期中断和全球原油供给吃紧的持续担忧。

The strikes on Saudi facilities have deepened concerns among traders and analysts that the conflict is broadening across the region, putting additional oil production at risk and slowing global crude distribution. Ongoing hostilities have halted most commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow strategic passage through which one-fifth of global oil supply moved before the war began, intensifying persistent fears of prolonged international energy supply disruptions.

在采取军事行动的同时，特朗普政府周二对伊朗航空业追加经济制裁，将制裁范围扩大至二十多家商业与私人航空公司以及外国货运服务提供商，以切断德黑兰与其剩余贸易伙伴的联系。美方正通过军事与经济双重手段应对持续超过六个月的战事，试图在经济上孤立伊朗。

Alongside direct kinetic strikes, the Trump administration on Tuesday imposed fresh economic sanctions on Iran's aviation sector, penalizing more than two dozen commercial and private airlines alongside foreign cargo service providers to isolate Tehran from its remaining commercial partners. The punitive measures reflect a dual military and economic strategy pursued by the administration as it contends with the prolonged conflict.

持续走高的能源价格同时给美国国内带来政治压力，对特朗普及其所在的共和党在11月中期选举前构成挑战。伊朗方面则对美方举措予以回击，伊朗外长阿巴斯·阿拉格齐在社交平台X上发帖驳斥美国制裁，指责美方在未能通过制裁或战争实现目标后，再度重复已经失败的制裁策略。

Elevated oil and energy costs are generating domestic political pressure for President Donald Trump and his Republican Party ahead of the November midterm elections. Iranian officials swiftly rejected Washington's economic moves, with Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi characterizing the measures on social media platform X as a rehash of an ineffective strategy following Washington's failure to achieve its goals through war or economic pressure.