尼泊尔总理联大发表演讲 称跨境特大洪灾为全球气候警讯Nepal's Prime Minister Tells UN General Assembly Catastrophic Floods Are Warning to World

沙阿在联大发表演讲时表示，上月发生的跨境洪灾绝非单纯的地方性悲剧，而是对全球气候风险的严重警讯。根据尼泊尔国家减灾管理局与官方统计数据，8月26日由冰川与岩冰崩塌引发的泥石流与山洪已造成至少1453人遇难，另有5500人失踪，救援人员迄今营救了13795人。洪灾摧毁了沿线城镇、边境哨所及多座水电站，大批工人在水电站隧道中被困。沙阿直言，各国领导人未能在脆弱群体所需的速度和规模上将气候预警转化为具体行动。

Addressing the UN General Assembly, Shah stated that the transboundary flood disaster late last month was not merely a local tragedy but an urgent warning to the entire world regarding escalating climate risks. According to figures from Nepal's National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority and official counts, the August 26 torrent of mud, rock, and water triggered by a glacial and rock-ice collapse killed at least 1,453 people, left 5,500 missing, and led to the rescue of 13,795 individuals. The flood wiped out downstream towns, border posts, and hydropower plants, trapping numerous workers inside mountain tunnels. Shah told assembled world leaders that political figures had been negligent in translating climate warnings into action at the necessary speed and scale.

世界天气归因组织科学家的最新评估指出，该灾难并非单一极端天气事件所致，而是长期变暖、冰川消退、多年冻土融化与地质不稳定共同作用下的“复合危机”。沙阿强调，尼泊尔约99%的电力来自水力发电，全国温室气体排放量占全球总额不足0.1%，却在为非自身造成的危机承受巨大代价。他指出，随着冰川持续退缩、山体斜坡失稳以及河流流量愈发难以预测，每一次重大气候灾害都在抹去尼泊尔多年的发展成果。

A study released by scientists from the World Weather Attribution group concluded that the disaster stemmed not from an isolated weather anomaly, but from a "compound crisis" driven by long-term warming, glacier retreat, permafrost thaw, and geological instability. Shah emphasized that while Nepal relies on hydropower for roughly 99 percent of its electricity and generates less than one-tenth of 1 percent of global greenhouse emissions, the country is paying a colossal price for a crisis it did not create. He observed that retreating glaciers, unstable mountain slopes, and erratic river systems now threaten to erase years of development progress after every major disaster.

为填补导致前线山区社区在山洪暴发前几乎毫无预警的数据共享缺口，沙阿在联大呼吁建立中尼印三国牵头的“喜马拉雅气候韧性机制”。该合作框架将推动三国共享卫星遥感数据与专业技术，联合监测构成威胁的高风险冰川湖，并同步早期预警系统与灾难跨境救援行动，以保护依赖该山脉水资源的近20亿人口。沙阿强调，冰川和洪水流动不需要印章与护照，喜马拉雅山脉应成为国际合作的试验场，而非破碎信息的边界前沿，气候议题不应沦为地缘政治战场。

Aiming to resolve critical data-sharing gaps that left mountain communities with virtually no warning before the disaster, Shah proposed establishing a Himalaya Climate Resilience Mechanism led by Nepal, India, and China. Under the proposed framework, the three nations would share satellite telemetry and technical expertise, jointly monitor hazardous glacial lakes, and synchronize early-warning systems and coordinated cross-border disaster relief to safeguard the nearly 2 billion people who depend on the mountain range for water. Shah emphasized that glaciers and floodwaters travel without stamps and passports, urging world leaders not to turn climate change into a geopolitical battlefield and calling for the Himalayas to become a laboratory of international cooperation rather than a frontier of fragmented information.

跨境气候数据共享在国际上已有先例。欧洲阿尔卑斯山区的八个国家通过汇集实时监测数据管理山地灾害，东南亚湄公河流域和中欧多瑙河流域也建立了类似框架向沿线下游社区预警洪灾。亚洲协会政策研究所中国气候中心主任李硕表示，中印两国不仅作为区域大国，而且由于喜马拉雅地区的气候与灾害风险具有跨境性质，两国有特殊的利益关切来协助应对挑战；尽管两国在灾后提供了紧急救灾支持，但这种合作需要通过务实的区域机制加以维系和扩大。

Cross-border climate monitoring models already operate in other mountain and river systems. Eight European nations in the Alpine region pool real-time telemetry to track mountain hazards, while similar collaborative mechanisms monitor flood risks along Southeast Asia's Mekong River basin and Central Europe's Danube River. Li Shuo, director of the China Climate Hub at the Asia Society Policy Institute, observed that China and India hold a substantial stake in tackling these vulnerabilities because Himalayan climate risks are inherently transboundary; while both powers delivered immediate relief aid following the disaster, Li noted that such cooperation must be sustained and expanded through durable regional frameworks.

在审视全球应对机制时，沙阿对既有的国际气候资金架构提出了批评，形容现行渠道极度不足且程序过于官僚化。他强调责任、赔偿与韧性原则，敦促国际社会和捐助方提供直接的无偿赠款支持，而不是增加脆弱国家财政负担的信贷项目。沙阿指出，当气候灾害摧毁贫困国家的基础设施时，国际社会的解决方案不能仅仅是另一笔巨额贷款或零星小额赠款的拼凑，受灾国不应被迫背负更多债务来开展灾后重建。

Reviewing international support frameworks, Shah directed sharp criticism toward existing global climate finance structures, describing mechanisms like the UN Loss and Damage Fund as grossly inadequate and overly bureaucratic. Emphasizing the core principles of responsibility, reparation, and resilience, he urged international donors to provide direct grant-based financing rather than credit facilities that increase debt burdens on vulnerable economies. Shah argued that when climate-driven catastrophes destroy critical infrastructure in poor nations, the response cannot simply consist of another mega loan or a patchwork of small grants, and affected countries should not be forced to take on extra debt for recovery.

尼泊尔政府已正式向联合国损失与损害基金申请最高限额的2000万美元援助，但相较于该国初步评估的50亿美元灾害总损失，这笔资金仅占极小一部分。该基金在2022年巴基斯坦特大洪灾后设立，迄今尚未进行任何首笔资金拨付，多方观察人士将尼泊尔此次的申请视作检验该基金运作效力与国际信誉的关键考验。

Nepal has formally requested $20 million from the UN Loss and Damage Fund, the maximum single amount permitted under its rules, though this represents only a tiny fraction of the government's preliminary $5 billion disaster damage assessment. Established in 2022 following devastating floods in Pakistan, the UN fund has yet to make its first actual disbursement, leading international observers to view Nepal's pending application as a crucial test of the mechanism's operational credibility.

现年36岁的沙阿是第81届联合国大会发言者中最年轻的政府首脑。他在六个月前凭借青年主导的反腐败抗议浪潮执掌政权，原本承载着公众对体制变革的极高期待。然而，8月26日的跨境特大洪灾迅速改变了他的施政重点，使气候外交跃升为总理任期内的核心议程，甚至在很大程度上压过了早先的反腐议程。沙阿在联大讲话中直言，面对因全球治理失灵而加剧的危机，尼泊尔无法独自建立韧性，必须依靠国际社会的系统性支持。

At 36 years old, Shah was the youngest head of government to address the 81st Session of the UN General Assembly. He swept to power six months ago on a wave of youth-led anti-corruption protests fueled by widespread optimism for institutional reform. However, the August 26 cross-border flood disaster swiftly altered his political trajectory, pushing climate diplomacy directly to the center of his premiership and largely overshadowing his initial domestic anti-corruption agenda. Addressing world leaders, Shah noted that Nepal cannot build climate resilience entirely on its own against threats compounded by the shortcomings of global governance.

在尼泊尔持续争取全球机制改革的同时，双边援助承诺也已陆续出台。本周早些时候，美国宣布向尼泊尔提供3100万美元的新增洪灾恢复援助。面对庞大的重建缺口与脆弱的高山生态系统，尼泊尔政府正试图将短期的外部应急救济与长期的区域跨境合作相结合，以应对日益频繁的高海拔气候灾害风险。

As Nepal continues pressing multilateral bodies for structural finance reforms, bilateral aid commitments have begun to emerge. Earlier this week, the United States pledged an additional $31 million in new disaster recovery support for the affected areas. Faced with an immense rebuilding deficit and an increasingly fragile alpine ecosystem, Nepal's administration is seeking to balance immediate overseas relief with durable cross-border coordination to withstand future high-altitude environmental shocks.