西班牙议会否决紧急住房法令 数万人上街抗议引发大选猜测Mass Protests Erupt Across Spain Over Housing Crisis as Parliament Rejects Decrees

周六，西班牙全国约50座城市爆发了大规模群众游行。引发公众强烈愤慨的导火索是上月发生在马德里的一起驱逐案：87岁的老人玛丽亚·德尔卡门·阿瓦斯卡尔（Maria del Carmen Abascal）在国际投资基金收购其居住了70年的公寓大楼并大幅上调租金后，因无力承担而被迫搬离。该事件迅速点燃了民众对投机资本与房产市场失控的不满情绪。

Mass demonstrations took place across approximately 50 cities throughout Spain on Saturday, sparked by public outrage over a recent eviction in the capital. Late last month, 87-year-old Maria del Carmen Abascal was forced out of her Madrid home of 70 years after an international investment fund purchased the residential building and imposed sharp rent increases that she could not afford, triggering intense public backlash against speculative real estate practices.

在首都马德里等地的抗议活动中，示威者挥舞着写有“租金剥削没有安宁”以及针对高昂住房成本的标语，手中摇晃钥匙并高呼“我们拥有全城的钥匙”。抗议人群明确要求当局全面降低租金价格、叫停针对弱势群体的驱逐行动，并禁止被称为“秃鹰基金”的国际投资机构大举收购本地住宅物业。

During the marches in Madrid and other urban centers, demonstrators displayed banners rejecting rent-seeking and soaring living costs, rattling house keys while chanting that they held the keys to the entire city. Protesters laid out explicit demands for public authorities, calling for lower overall rental rates, a permanent halt to tenant evictions, and a strict ban preventing international investment groups—often termed "vulture funds"—from purchasing residential properties across Spain.

桑切斯政府提交议会的首项法令旨在叫停针对弱势群体的驱逐程序，提高房产投机门槛，严格限制短期租赁，并提供税收激励以促进入住与房屋建设。第二项法令则规定租赁合同到期后自动续约，实质上转为无固定期限租约，并要求房东若强行解约须向租客赔偿12个月租金。表决前，桑切斯呼吁议员放下政治算计，关注面临高租金焦虑的普通家庭与无法搬离父母居所的青年群体。

The first decree presented by Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez's minority government sought to stop evictions of vulnerable individuals, restrict real estate speculation, tighten rules on short-term rentals, and offer tax incentives for housing construction and leasing. The second measure proposed making rental contracts automatically renewable upon expiration, turning them into indefinite leases and obligating landlords to pay tenants 12 months of rent to terminate an agreement. Ahead of the vote, Sanchez urged lawmakers to put aside political calculations and protect struggling families and young people.

拥有350席的众议院多数议员最终否决了法案。加泰罗尼亚团结党（Junts）与中右翼人民党、极右翼Vox联手投下反对票。Junts发言人米里亚姆·诺格拉斯（Miriam Nogueras）表示，法令将迫使房东退出租赁市场并推高价格，并指责政府执政八年未能有效遏制基金投机。卫生大臣莫妮卡·加西亚（Monica Garcia）随后在社交媒体发文抨击，指责右翼政党投票支持“封建经济”，忽视了饱受高租金困扰的基层选民利益。

The 350-seat lower house rejected both measures after the conservative Popular Party, far-right Vox, and Catalan separatist party Junts voted against them. Junts representative Miriam Nogueras argued that the rules would prompt property owners to withdraw homes from the rental market, driving costs higher, while asserting the administration had failed to curb speculative funds over eight years in power. In response, Health Minister Monica Garcia criticized right-wing parties on social media, accusing them of backing a feudal economic model contrary to the interests of rent-burdened citizens.

在马德里，部分示威者已在市中心的太阳门广场搭建营地驻扎多日。周六集会期间，西班牙警方逮捕了三名极右翼组织成员；官方通报称，这些人员企图接近广场内扎营的抗议人群，其中部分人甚至行纳粹礼，促使警方介入维持治安并防范冲突。

In Madrid, some demonstrators had set up an encampment in the central Puerta del Sol square for several days to voice their demands. During Saturday's rally, Spanish police arrested three members of a far-right group. Authorities stated that the individuals attempted to push through toward demonstrators camped in the square, with some performing Nazi salutes before officers intervened to prevent confrontations.

在东部沿海城市瓦伦西亚，抗议局势转趋紧张。示威者在举办房地产峰会的索菲亚王后艺术歌剧院及艺术科学城附近与警方发生冲突，部分人员拆除路障并向警察投掷物品，另有约30名抗议者一度进入艺术科学城建筑内部后被警方驱离。现场防暴警察动用了橡皮子弹与催泪瓦斯分散人群。西班牙国家广播电视台（RTVE）报道指出，冲突共造成9名警察受伤，警方在现场逮捕了5人。

Tensions escalated sharply in the eastern coastal city of Valencia, where demonstrators clashed with police outside the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia arts center, which was hosting a real estate summit. Several protesters removed barricades and threw objects at police lines, while around 30 demonstrators entered the City of Arts and Sciences complex before being removed by law enforcement. Officers responded by firing rubber bullets and tear gas to disperse crowds. According to public broadcaster RTVE, nine police officers were injured in the clashes, and five people were arrested.

在立法受挫与街头抗议的双重冲击下，租户维权组织正寻求扩大行动规模。租户工会发言人瓦莱里娅·拉库（Valeria Racu）在马德里向媒体表示，工会方面将在与主要劳工组织展开磋商后正式号召发起全国总罢工。马德里租户工会在此前发表的声明中指出，尽管政府提交的法令草案仍显不足，但议会直接否决法案的做法加剧了住房危机，使工薪阶层承受了巨大代价。

Following the parliamentary defeat of the housing decrees and widespread street demonstrations, tenant advocacy groups are moving to escalate collective action. Valeria Racu, a spokesperson for the Tenants' Union, told reporters in Madrid that representatives will coordinate with organized labor unions to formally call a nationwide general strike. The Madrid Tenants' Union had previously stated that while the government's proposals were insufficient, parliament's complete rejection of the measures compounded a housing crisis that is imposing severe costs on working-class citizens.

西班牙多家媒体报道称，鉴于紧急法令在议会遭多数否决以及周六全国抗议浪潮的声势，首相桑切斯正密切评估局势，可能考虑最早于11月提前举行大选，以打破当前由工人社会党与“团结”（Sumar）联盟组成的少数派政府在议会面临的僵局。桑切斯本届政府的法定任期原定于明年夏季结束，首相办公室目前尚未对提前大选的报道置评。

Spanish media outlets reported that Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez is closely assessing political developments following the legislative setback and Saturday's massive protest turnout, with indications that he may consider calling snap general elections as early as November. Sanchez's administration, formed by a minority coalition of his Socialist Party and the junior partner Sumar, lacks a working majority in the 350-seat parliament and was not scheduled to face elections until the end of its term next summer. The prime minister's office declined to comment on the reports.