欧盟监测机构确认8月创全球历史最热单月纪录Copernicus Confirms August as Earth's Hottest Month on Record

欧盟哥白尼气候变化服务局公布的监测记录显示，2026年8月的全球平均地表气温比1991至2020年的基准均值高出0.85摄氏度（1.53华氏度）。虽然8月均温在数值上仅比2023年7月的原历史纪录高出0.01摄氏度，但因处于统计不确定性区间内，科学家在气象学上将其定性为追平历史峰值。哥白尼机构数据指出，有记录以来全球最热的八个月份全部出现在2023年7月之后。

According to datasets compiled by the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service, Earth's global average surface temperature in August 2026 exceeded the 1991–2020 climatological benchmark by 0.85 degrees Celsius (1.53 degrees Fahrenheit). While August technically registered 0.01 degrees Celsius higher than the previous all-time benchmark established in July 2023, scientists treat the two months as tied because the margin falls within the margin of observational uncertainty. Copernicus records indicate that the eight warmest months in modern history have all occurred consecutively since July 2023.

哥白尼气候战略主管萨曼莎·伯吉斯指出，在全球平均气温序列中，8月超越通常最热的7月极为罕见，自1940年以来此前仅发生过4次，最近一次出现于1985年。此外，8月全球气温较工业化前水平高出1.65摄氏度（2.97华氏度），不仅是自去年11月以来单月全球气温首次再度突破巴黎协定设定的1.5摄氏度温控阈值，伯吉斯向法新社表示，人类在至少过去10万年内或许都未经历过如此高温。

Copernicus strategic climate lead Samantha Burgess highlighted that August surpassing July in global warmth is an exceptionally rare occurrence, happening only four times since 1940 prior to this year, with the most recent instance documented in 1985. Furthermore, August global air temperatures sat 1.65 degrees Celsius (2.97 degrees Fahrenheit) above the pre-industrial average, marking the first time since November of last year that any single month breached the 1.5-degree limit targeted under the 2015 Paris Agreement, with Burgess noting to AFP that humans have not encountered such temperatures in at least 100,000 years.

哥白尼机构与多位气候科学家指出，当前破纪录的极端高温主要源于长期人为气候变化与热带太平洋正在加剧的超级厄尔尼诺现象之间的叠加效应。热带太平洋海域异常偏高的水温正在改变全球天气形态。哥白尼机构气候战略主管萨曼莎·伯吉斯表示，上一轮2023至2024年的显著厄尔尼诺事件曾引发长达13个月的全球气温破纪录周期，而鉴于当前厄尔尼诺现象强度更甚，8月可能开启一段同等甚至更持久的高温纪录延伸期。

Climate researchers and Copernicus analysts attributed the unprecedented warmth to the combined effects of long-term human-caused global warming and an intensifying El Niño event in the tropical Pacific. Abnormally warm Pacific waters have continued to alter weather patterns worldwide. Samantha Burgess, strategic lead for climate at the Copernicus Climate Change Service, explained that the prior significant El Niño across 2023 and 2024 generated a 13-month streak of record-breaking global monthly temperatures, adding that the current, more intense El Niño could trigger a comparable or even longer stretch of record-setting heat.

除了陆地极端热浪，全球海洋同样处于前所未有的高温状态。哥白尼机构数据显示，8月全球月度海表温度追平了2024年3月创下的历史最高月度纪录，8月22日更是创下单日全球海表温度的历史新高，延续了全球海洋连续三个月刷新高温纪录的势头。科学报告警示，如此高温的海洋环境给海洋生物多样性、珊瑚礁群落以及沿海社区带来了沉重代价与生存威胁。

Beyond terrestrial air temperatures, the world's oceans registered severe heat. Copernicus datasets showed global monthly sea surface temperatures in August tied the all-time monthly high established in March 2024, with August 22 logging the hottest single day ever measured in the world's oceans and extending a three-month streak of record marine warmth. Scientists warned that these elevated ocean temperatures carry severe consequences for marine ecosystems, coral reefs, and coastal communities exposed to accelerating environmental strain.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局周三公布的数据显示，美国本土48州在今年6月至8月的均温达到23.54摄氏度（74.37华氏度），比1936年严重尘暴时期的夏季最高纪录高出近0.4华氏度，并超越了此前与之并列第一的2021年纪录。多轮热穹顶天气席卷全美大部分地区，在西南各州引发持久破纪录高温。8月全美平均气温达到24.21摄氏度（75.58华氏度），日间平均最高温升至31.42摄氏度（88.56华氏度），单月纪录被刷新超过0.5华氏度；7月同样抹去了另一项尘暴时期的历史高位。

According to figures released Wednesday by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the contiguous United States recorded an average temperature of 23.54 degrees Celsius (74.37 degrees Fahrenheit) from June through August, surpassing the 1936 Dust Bowl mark by nearly four-tenths of a degree and breaking the previous record shared with 2021. Multiple heat domes drifted across large portions of the Lower 48 states, generating prolonged periods of extreme heat, particularly across the southwestern states. In August, the U.S. averaged 24.21 degrees Celsius (75.58 degrees Fahrenheit) with daytime highs averaging 31.42 degrees Celsius (88.56 degrees Fahrenheit), beating prior monthly heat benchmarks by more than half a degree Fahrenheit after July erased another Dust Bowl high.

欧洲在连番热浪侵袭下经历了有记录以来最热夏季，野火蔓延至英国等过去罕见发生火灾的地区。欧洲EuroMomo监测平台测算显示，在7月中旬至8月中旬期间，欧洲记录了超过3.2万例与高温相关的超额死亡。哥白尼机构气候战略主管萨曼莎·伯吉斯指出，学校被迫停课、医院超负荷运转、道路沥青融化以及铁轨变形凸显出高温对日常生活的严重干扰，也促使欧洲各界认识到现有基础设施对当前气候环境的适应不足。

Western Europe endured its hottest summer on record following successive heatwaves, alongside wildfires emerging in historically untypical regions such as the United Kingdom. Between mid-July and mid-August, the EuroMomo monitoring platform estimated more than 32,000 heat-related excess deaths across Europe. Samantha Burgess, Copernicus strategic climate lead, highlighted that operational disruptions such as school closures, overwhelmed hospitals, melting asphalt roads, and buckled train tracks demonstrate direct disruptions to daily life and reflect growing recognition in Europe that the region is maladapted to its current climate.

针对哥白尼机构发布的最新气温纪录，联合国气候主管西蒙·斯蒂尔发表声明表示，证据无可辩驳，当前现象正是人类对化石燃料依赖所带来的不断攀升的代价，并助长了全球气候危机。斯蒂尔强调，在人类停止燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气之前，极端高温将继续刷新纪录。联合国环境规划署此前在报告中指出，鉴于全球未能大幅削减温室气体污染，长期来看突破巴黎协定1.5摄氏度温控目标的可能性正在增加，联合国方面呼吁各国加快减排步伐。

In response to the Copernicus temperature findings, United Nations Climate Chief Simon Stiell stated that the evidence is irrefutable, calling the record warmth the spiraling price of humanity's addiction to fossil fuels and the global climate crisis it fuels. Stiell warned that until humanity stops burning coal, oil, and gas, extreme heat will continue to break records worldwide. A recent United Nations Environment Programme report indicated that the Paris Agreement's long-term 1.5-degree Celsius target is likely to be exceeded without steep reductions in planet-warming emissions, with the UN urging faster emissions cuts.

伯克利地球组织气候科学家泽克·豪斯法瑟分析指出，气温纪录被频繁打破，以及通常较为凉爽的8月打破原本最热的7月纪录，表明人为导致的气候变化正在加速发生。德克萨斯农工大学气候学者安德鲁·德斯勒向媒体表示，全球变暖完全符合科学家数十年前的预测，各界不应再对此感到惊讶，当前核心问题不在于气温是否会继续破纪录，而在于人类是否会采取实质行动来应对气候危机。

Berkeley Earth climate scientist Zeke Hausfather noted that the regular shattering of heat records, alongside August surpassing traditionally warmer July to establish an all-time high, provides evidence that human-caused climate change is accelerating. Andrew Dessler, a climate scientist at Texas A&M University, emphasized that the ongoing warming is unfolding precisely as researchers projected decades ago, adding that the pressing question facing society is whether leaders will implement concrete mitigation measures or remain passive as extreme climate impacts escalate.