加欧峰会在蒙特利尔开幕 联合声明删除“准成员国”提法Canada and EU Drop Associate Membership Plan as Montreal Summit Opens

在蒙特利尔举行的为期两天的加欧峰会首日，加拿大总理马克·卡尼与欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩会见来自大西洋两岸的企业领袖，共同参加商业论坛。加方官员在会前表示，除了高层对话，双方代表预计将在为期两天的磋商中，围绕防务合作、关键矿产供应链、联合科研项目以及双边贸易敲定一系列协议，推动加欧伙伴关系在具体产业领域落地。

On the first day of the two-day summit in Montreal, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen convened alongside corporate leaders from both sides of the Atlantic for a joint business forum. Canadian officials stated that negotiators expect to hammer out agreements spanning defence cooperation, critical minerals supply chains, collaborative scientific research, and trade across the two days of meetings, translating transatlantic dialogue into functional economic and security links.

欧洲官员此前向媒体淡化了峰会即刻公布重大关系定性的可能性，指出双边新架构的很多细节将在未来几个月逐步厘清。加方官员则阐明，加拿大无意像欧盟成员国那样缴纳成员费，而是寻求参与符合双方互利目标的具体欧盟项目。一名匿名出席吹风会的加拿大高级官员表示，具体的合作措辞体现了双方深化联结的发展意图。

European officials speaking ahead of the summit played down expectations for an immediate sweeping declaration on the bloc's redefined institutional relationship with Canada, noting that operational details would be sorted out in the coming months. Canadian officials clarified that Canada does not intend to pay regular EU membership dues, seeking instead targeted participation in individual European programmes that offer mutual advantages. A senior Canadian official speaking on condition of anonymity noted that the agreed language reflects the scale of both sides' underlying ambitions.

在早先的联合声明草案中，曾至少两次将加拿大提及为欧盟的“准成员国”，并写明界定该身份具体含义的谈判工作还将持续一年。然而，这一由欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩在数周前提出的设想，在欧盟成员国针对峰会声明的磋商期间引发显著分歧。根据媒体披露的外交渠道消息，德国总理弗里德里希·默茨以及多个欧盟成员国领导人带头施压，明确要求在声明草案定稿中彻底删除“准成员国”以及“准成员身份”等所有相关字样。

An earlier draft of the joint declaration contained at least two references to Canada as an associate member, acknowledging that finalizing the definition of the term would require another year of negotiations. That proposition, introduced several weeks earlier by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, proved contentious during internal discussions among EU member states. Diplomats reported that German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and leaders from several fellow nations spearheaded efforts to strip out all mentions of "associate member" and "associated membership" from the draft text ahead of the summit.

德国驻加拿大大使马蒂亚斯·吕滕贝格在接受加拿大媒体采访时透露，部分成员国对冯德莱恩当初公开抛出这一提议感到有些意外，并指出这一概念适用于加拿大时并未得到清晰理解。德国及其他提出异议的国家主张，不能签署一个完全缺乏法律地位且内容未经充分充实的概念，同时担忧加拿大可能因此获得先于其他排队申请国的优待。吕滕贝格补充解释称，德国在以往的语境中，通常将“准成员国”提法用于乌克兰以及摩尔多瓦等多年来一直寻求加入欧盟的国家，这与加拿大的情况截然不同。

Germany's ambassador to Canada, Matthias Lüttenberg, told broadcaster CTV News that certain member states were somewhat surprised by von der Leyen's initial overture, noting that the concept remained poorly understood as it applies to Canada. Germany and other dissenting nations argued that they could not endorse an arrangement devoid of legal definition and formal substance, while voicing concern that Canada might receive preferential treatment over other countries seeking closer alignment. Lüttenberg added that Germany traditionally applies the associate membership framework to nations such as Ukraine and Moldova, which have actively sought bloc accession over many years.

尽管有关机构定位的争议导致联合声明删除了“准成员国”提法，双方在即定于周五公布的声明定稿中列出了一系列可操作的务实项目。文本包含一项通过建设“新海底电缆基础设施”改善欧洲、加拿大与亚洲之间国际数字联通的联合倡议，旨在提升跨大西洋通信与数据传输能力。此项基础设施规划为加欧在传统政治交往之外开辟了具体的工程合作轨道。

Even as disagreements over formal status led to the removal of associate membership phrasing, the final declaration scheduled for release on Friday sets out a range of targeted operational initiatives. The text details a joint plan to enhance international connectivity linking Europe, Canada, and Asia through "new subsea cable infrastructure," expanding physical digital transit routes across the Atlantic. This initiative provides a concrete engineering track for bilateral ties alongside ongoing political deliberations.

在能源供应与人文交流层面，联合声明草案提出就加拿大对欧洲出口液化天然气开展联合可行性研究，以评估大西洋两岸能源贸易的具体潜力。此外，双方敲定了便利青年跨大西洋流动的安排，使加拿大和欧洲青年能够前往大西洋彼岸学习与工作，扩大教育和就业维度的民间交往。官员此前指出，扩大跨大西洋学习与商业联系构成了双方未来架构的核心支柱。

On energy and societal exchanges, the draft statement proposes undertaking a joint feasibility study examining Canadian liquefied natural gas exports to Europe to assess the commercial viability of direct transatlantic supply. The document also incorporates arrangements to facilitate transatlantic youth mobility, enabling young Canadians and Europeans to travel across the Atlantic to pursue work and study opportunities. Officials had earlier pointed to expanding cross-border student programs and commercial links as foundational elements of the emerging bilateral framework.

自去年上任以来，卡尼在应对与邻国兼最大贸易客户美国的贸易战过程中，持续推动加拿大靠近欧洲。特朗普对加拿大商品加征关税后，加美贸易磋商仍在进行，渥太华深化对欧关系可能进一步激怒特朗普。特朗普此前将准成员提案斥为“可笑”，并公开表示若将该举动视作“敌对行为”，美国可能在“诸多事项上”停止与欧洲进行贸易。

Since taking office last year, Carney has sought to draw Canada closer to Europe as the country continues to navigate an ongoing trade conflict with the US, its southern neighbour and largest customer. While bilateral trade talks between Canada and the United States remain ongoing following tariffs imposed by Trump on Canadian products, Ottawa's pivot risks aggravating the US administration. Trump previously dismissed the EU proposal to offer Canada associate membership as "laughable," warning that if he interpreted the rapprochement as a "hostile act," the US might cease trading with Europe "on many things."

此外，联合声明草案明确重申对基于规则的国际秩序的承诺，并对美国向总部位于荷兰的海牙国际刑事法院实施制裁表示“深表遗憾”。巴尔西利国际关系学院国际贸易学者巴里·阿普尔顿指出，有关多边主义和支持国际法的表述实质上直接针对特朗普。加拿大财政部前顾问朱利安·卡拉盖赞则评价峰会“带有一点表演性质”，并强调加拿大近70%的出口运往美国，而欧盟仅占加拿大贸易总额的约9%左右，加欧加强合作并不一定能实质性解决卡尼推动贸易多元化所面临的结构性挑战。

The summit draft statement also incorporates diplomatic friction points by pledging to uphold a rules-based international order and stating that Canada and EU leaders "deeply regret" US sanctions imposed on the Netherlands-based International Criminal Court. Barry Appleton, an international trade lawyer and fellow at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, characterized the focus on multilateralism and international law as directly defying Trump's stance. Meanwhile, former Canadian Finance Ministry adviser Julian Karaguesian labeled the summit "a bit of a show," emphasizing that Canada sends nearly 70 percent of its exports to the US while the EU accounts for about 9 percent of total trade, suggesting heightened transatlantic collaboration will not necessarily resolve Carney's diversification ambitions.