巴西亚马逊雨林砍伐量降至历史最低Brazil Amazon Deforestation Falls to Historic Low Ahead of Key Vote

巴西国家空间研究院旗下的Prodes卫星监测项目统计表明，在2025年8月至2026年7月的年度周期内，亚马逊雨林被砍伐的林地面积收窄至3,335平方公里（约合1,288平方英里）。与上一统计周期记录的5,731平方公里相比，这一数值减少了将近42%（41.8%），不仅延续了自2022年以来的持续下行趋势，更打破了该国近40年来的最低历史记录。

Measurements compiled by Inpe's Prodes satellite monitoring system indicate that rainforest clearance in the Brazilian Amazon dropped to 3,335 square kilometers (1,288 square miles) between August 2025 and July 2026. This represents a decline of nearly 42% (41.8%) from the 5,731 square kilometers logged during the previous 12-month period, extending an uninterrupted year-on-year reduction that began after 2022 and establishing the smallest annual loss registered in nearly four decades.

Prodes系统选择以每年8月至次年7月为测量周期，主要因为年中时期南美雨林上空的云层覆盖较少，便于卫星获得清晰的对地观测图像。从长期历史数据来看，此次录得的砍伐面积远低于2011年至2012年度创下的4,571平方公里（约合1,765平方英里）的历史次低点，更与1990年代中期年均损失近30,000平方公里（近11,600平方英里）的峰值水平形成了鲜明反差。

The Prodes surveillance program conducts its assessments on an August-to-July cycle to take operational advantage of diminished cloud cover over the rainforest basin during the middle of the calendar year. The newly published total stands well below Brazil's previous record low of 4,571 square kilometers (1,765 square miles) documented in 2011-2012, and it contrasts sharply with the mid-1990s peak, when annual deforestation across the Amazon reached almost 30,000 square kilometers (nearly 11,600 square miles).

在亚马逊雨林录得历史性降幅的同时，位于其南部的塞拉多热带稀树草原生态区同样迎来了显著的林木砍伐回落。官方监测数据显示，塞拉多地区过去一年的植被砍伐面积缩减至5,517平方公里（约合2,130平方英里），同比降幅达到23.8%（约24%），这也是自2001年启动针对该草原的官方统计以来的最低水平。作为巴西重要的农业腹地与生态保护区，塞拉多草原的植被留存数据展示出森林保护举措在不同生态系统中的扩展成效。

Alongside the historic decline recorded in the rainforest, the Cerrado tropical savanna region situated south of the Amazon also registered a significant retreat in land clearance. Official monitoring statistics show that vegetative clearing across the Cerrado fell by approximately 24% (23.8%) over the past 12 months to 5,517 square kilometers (2,130 square miles). This downward shift marks the lowest deforestation total documented in the savanna belt since formal administrative record-keeping began in 2001, reflecting an easing of land conversion across key ecological zones adjacent to the agricultural interior.

针对这批官方数据，环境部长若昂·保罗·卡波比安科在巴西利亚的记者会上指出，砍伐量的急剧下挫具有突破性意义，甚至“如同梦境一般”。气候倡导组织“气候观察所”执行秘书马西奥·阿斯特里尼则表示，这一连串数据证明只要拥有坚定的政治意愿，完全有可能遏制伐木链条并减少温室气体排放，不仅使巴西走在护林议程前列，更是该国取得的“历史性成就”。

Evaluating the published metrics during a press conference in Brasilia, Environment Minister Joao Paulo Capobianco remarked that the steep drop represented an extraordinary outcome, adding that it felt "like a dream." Marcio Astrini, executive secretary of the climate advocacy network Observatorio do Clima, stated that the numbers show that clear political will makes it possible to stop chainsaws and curb greenhouse gas emissions, placing Brazil at the forefront of the conservation agenda in what he described as a historic achievement for the country.

森林砍伐数据的急剧逆转反映了两届政府截然不同的环境治理路径。在极右翼前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗2019年至2022年执政期间，政府削减护林资源并鼓励在原住民土地上开展采矿活动，导致亚马逊林地砍伐量飙升至15年高点。法新社援引官方数据指出，博索纳罗任内亚马逊年均森林损失量约为11,600平方公里（约合4,480平方英里），比前一个四年总统任期的平均水平高出近60%。

The sharp reversal in deforestation rates reflects contrasting conservation strategies between consecutive presidential administrations. Under far-right former president Jair Bolsonaro from 2019 to 2022, deforestation soared to a 15-year peak as funding and resources for forest protection were dismantled alongside active government encouragement of mining ventures on protected indigenous territories. Official records cited by news agency AFP indicate that the Amazon lost an average of roughly 11,600 square kilometers (about 4,480 square miles) per year during Bolsonaro's presidency, an annual clearance rate nearly 60% higher than that logged across the preceding four-year term.

现任总统卢拉于2023年重返执政后彻底扭转了前任路线，通过强化卫星与地面环境监测、加大对非法砍伐的行政与法律惩处力度，在其执政首年便将砍伐率压制至六年低点。自2022年以来，巴西砍伐量已连续四年走低，累计跌幅达到71.2%。在最新数据公布当天，卢拉通过社交平台X公开重申执政承诺，表示巴西政府确立的核心目标是到2030年彻底实现零非法砍伐。

Upon taking office in 2023, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva altered federal priorities by tightening environmental monitoring networks and enacting stiffer administrative and legal penalties against illegal logging, which drove clearing rates down to a six-year low in his inaugural year. Forest loss has decreased in every subsequent year since 2022, resulting in a cumulative four-year drop of 71.2%. On Friday, Lula reaffirmed his environmental agenda in a message on social media platform X, stating that the federal objective remains achieving zero illegal deforestation by 2030.

这批砍伐量历史新低数据的公布正值巴西政治周期的关键节点。巴西定于10月25日举行总统决选，多项民意调查显示，争取连任的卢拉与前总统长子、保守派参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗支持率难分高下。作为全球应对气候变化的关键屏障，拥有约60%林地位于巴西境内的亚马逊雨林未来的命运，已成为两位候选人政治交锋的核心议题。

The publication of record-low deforestation figures comes at a critical juncture in the Brazilian national political calendar. Brazil is scheduled to hold a presidential election run-off on October 25, with opinion polls indicating a neck-and-neck contest between incumbent President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and conservative Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, the eldest son of the former president. Holding approximately 60% of the world's largest tropical rainforest within its national borders, Brazil's environmental leadership serves as a vital buffer in the international response to climate change, elevating the future of the biome into a primary battleground of the presidential campaign.

弗拉维奥·博索纳罗在竞选政纲中提出了自身的环境治理路线，承诺加强对亚马逊地区的环境监管，并在2029年之前终结“非法砍伐”。与现行全面执法有所区分的是，弗拉维奥主张将打击重点集中于有组织犯罪网络，而非当地的小农户与资源采集者。与此同时，英国广播公司等媒体分析指出，若弗拉维奥胜选预计将延续其父亲的政策，他也公开称赞因密谋政变被判处27年监禁并在家中服软禁刑罚的父亲，赞赏其抵制了所谓的“激进环境议程”。

Flavio Bolsonaro outlined a competing conservation framework in his official campaign manifesto, pledging to strengthen environmental oversight across the Amazon and eliminate illegal deforestation by 2029. Rather than penalizing small farmers and extractive workers, his platform proposes shifting law enforcement resources primarily toward fighting organized crime networks operating within the rainforest. Media outlets including the BBC note that Flavio is widely expected to continue his father's policy direction if elected, and the candidate has openly commended Jair Bolsonaro—who is currently serving a 27-year sentence under house arrest for plotting a coup—for opposing what he termed a 'radical environmental agenda.'