澳大利亚与瓦努阿图签署协定禁止外国军事基地Australia and Vanuatu Sign Treaty Blocking Foreign Military Bases
2026年6月29日，澳大利亚总理阿尔巴尼斯与瓦努阿图总理纳帕特在堪培拉正式签署了《纳卡马尔协定》（Nakamal Agreement）。该协定规定，瓦努阿图不允许在其领土内设立任何外国军事基地或基础设施，并保持其关键基础设施免受军事化、外国干涉或未经授权的访问。作为回报，该协议承诺澳大利亚将对瓦努阿图提供更大的经济支持。目前，中国是瓦努阿图最大的外部债权国。此次签署是在瓦努阿图政府拒绝九个月前的一份早期草案后达成的。当时，瓦努阿图曾担心该协议会限制其吸引基础设施投资的能力，最终签署的协议经过了实质性修改。该协定是澳大利亚旨在遏制中国在太平洋地区扩大安全影响力的一系列协议中的最新举措。此前，中国海军曾多次访问瓦努阿图，且北京资助了卢甘维尔码头的扩建，这引发了堪培拉和华盛顿对中国可能建立海军基地的担忧，尽管中国和瓦努阿图此前表示该码头仅用于邮轮。
On June 29, 2026, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Vanuatu Prime Minister Jotham Napat signed the Nakamal Agreement in Canberra. Under the security and economic treaty, Vanuatu is prevented from allowing any foreign military base or infrastructure in its territory and must keep its critical infrastructure free from militarization, foreign interference, or unauthorized access. In return, the agreement commits Australia to providing greater economic support for Vanuatu, whose largest external creditor is China. The treaty was signed nine months after the Vanuatuan government rejected an earlier draft over concerns that the deal would limit its ability to attract infrastructure investment, leading to a substantially revised final accord. The pact represents Australia's latest effort to curb China's expanding security influence in the South Pacific. Concerns had previously been raised in Canberra and Washington over repeated Chinese naval port calls and Beijing's funding of a wharf expansion in Luganville, which sparked fears of a potential Chinese naval base despite assertions from Beijing and Port Vila that the facility was intended for cruise ships.
01签署《纳卡马尔协定》Signing of the Nakamal Agreement
在堪培拉的议会大厦，澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯与瓦努阿图总理乔瑟姆·纳帕特正式签署了这项名为《纳卡马尔协定》的双边安全与经济条约。根据瓦努阿图政府发表的官方声明，该协定确立了严格的安全防范条款，明确禁止任何外国势力在瓦努阿图领土内建立军事基地或军事基础设施。此外，该协定还规定，瓦努阿图必须确保其国内的关键基础设施免受任何形式的军事化、外国干涉或未经授权的访问。这一长期酝酿的条约旨在通过法律形式确立双边安全承诺，防止外国军事力量在该国建立永久性的军事存在，从而维护该太平洋岛国的安全与主权独立。
The signing ceremony for the long-awaited bilateral security and economic treaty took place at Parliament House in Canberra, where Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Vanuatu Prime Minister Jotham Napat finalized the Nakamal Agreement. According to an official statement issued by the Vanuatuan government, the pact establishes strict security provisions that explicitly prevent Vanuatu from allowing any foreign military base or military infrastructure to be established within its territory. Furthermore, the agreement mandates that Vanuatu must keep its critical national infrastructure entirely free from militarization, foreign interference, or unauthorized access. By legally binding these commitments, the treaty aims to secure the Pacific island nation's domestic infrastructure against external strategic exploitation while reinforcing the security partnership between Canberra and Port Vila.
02克服前期分歧与草案修改Overcoming Previous Impasse and Draft Revisions
《纳卡马尔协定》的最终签署，标志着澳大利亚与瓦努阿图成功克服了此前长达数月的谈判僵局。该协定是在瓦努阿图政府拒绝了九个月前签署的一份早期草案后达成的。在当时，瓦努阿图政府对初步协议草案表达了强烈担忧，担心其条款会限制该国吸引外部基础设施投资的能力。为了解决这一分歧，双方对最初的合作协议进行了实质性修改，最终达成了这一修订后的正式协定。
The final signing of the Nakamal Agreement marks the resolution of a months-long negotiation impasse between Australia and Vanuatu. The bilateral treaty was successfully concluded nine months after the Vanuatuan government rejected an earlier preliminary draft. At the time, Port Vila expressed significant concerns that the terms of the initial security accord would restrict its sovereign ability to attract vital foreign infrastructure investment.
在修改草案的过程中，双方在安全诉求与经济发展之间进行了权衡。由于中国目前是瓦努阿图最大的外部债权国，瓦努阿图在保障国家安全合作的同时，极力避免损害其经济建设与投资引进。最终签署的协定不仅保留了对关键基础设施的保护条款，还特别承诺澳大利亚将向瓦努阿图提供更大的经济支持，从而缓解了瓦努阿图此前对投资受限的担忧，促成了该条约的顺利签署。
To overcome these concerns, negotiators substantially revised the original agreement to balance security commitments with economic development. Given that China remains Vanuatu's largest external creditor, the island nation sought to protect its investment inflows while formalizing its security ties with Canberra. The newly signed, revised treaty addresses these economic anxieties by committing Australia to providing greater economic support to Vanuatu, thereby paving the way for the final agreement.
03双边领导人表态与伙伴关系Statements from Leaders on the Partnership
在堪培拉举行的签字仪式上，澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯向媒体记者强调了该协定的重要意义。他表示，这项新签署的协定反映并确认了澳大利亚作为瓦努阿图最大、最全面的经济、安全与发展合作伙伴的地位。阿尔巴尼斯同时指出，澳大利亚非常看重这一伙伴关系，并将认真履行这一重要的双边责任。
During the signing ceremony in Canberra, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese emphasized the significance of the newly signed accord to reporters. He stated that the agreement reflects and confirms Australia's role as Vanuatu's largest and most comprehensive economic, security, and development partner, describing this relationship as a responsibility that Canberra takes seriously.
瓦努阿图总理乔瑟姆·纳帕特也对该协定的签署给予了高度评价。纳帕特表示，该协定重申了双方的共同承诺，即继续并加强两国之间的全面合作伙伴关系。他强调，这一伙伴关系是建立在相互尊重、信任以及对和平、稳定和繁荣的太平洋地区的共同愿景之上的，旨在推动两国关系迈向更深层次的合作。
Vanuatu Prime Minister Jotham Napat also welcomed the agreement, stating that the pact reaffirms their shared commitment to continuing and strengthening the comprehensive partnership between the two nations. Napat added that this bilateral relationship is firmly founded on mutual respect, trust, and a common vision for a peaceful, stable, and prosperous Pacific region.
04地缘背景与对华关系考量Geopolitical Context and China Relations
《纳卡马尔协定》的签署，其核心背景是澳大利亚致力于遏制中国在南太平洋地区不断扩大的安全影响力。目前，中国是瓦努阿图最大的外部债权国，这使得北京在该地区拥有显著的经济存在。近年来，中国海军舰艇多次对瓦努阿图进行港口访问，进一步加深了该地区的安全复杂性。
The signing of the Nakamal Agreement takes place against the backdrop of Australia's ongoing efforts to curb China's expanding security influence in the South Pacific region. China currently stands as Vanuatu's largest external creditor, maintaining a significant economic footprint in the island nation. In recent years, China's navy has made repeated port calls to Vanuatu, which has heightened strategic attention on the bilateral relationship.
此外，北京方面曾出资资助瓦努阿图卢甘维尔码头的扩建工程。值得注意的是，该码头曾是美国在南太平洋最大的军事基地。尽管中国和瓦努阿图此前均公开表示该码头仅用于停靠邮轮，但这一扩建项目以及频繁的军舰访问，依然引发了堪培拉和华盛顿方面的担忧，他们担心中国可能意图在当地建立军事基地。此次签署的协定通过禁止外国军事设施，直接回应了这些长期的安全关切。
Furthermore, Beijing funded the expansion of a wharf in Luganville, a site that once served as the largest United States military base in the South Pacific. Although both Beijing and Port Vila have previously asserted that the upgraded wharf was intended solely to accommodate cruise ships, the project fueled persistent concerns in Canberra and Washington that China aimed to establish a naval base there. By legally prohibiting foreign military infrastructure, the new treaty directly addresses these long-standing geopolitical anxieties.
