白宫启动8.1亿美元预算削减 触怒国会两党议员White House Cancels $810M in Federal Spending, Angering Lawmakers

白宫在周五发表的声明中将这批被撤回的资金定性为“最有害的政府开支”，并表示特朗普总统致力于动用一切可用手段削减无益于美国公民的浪费性与有害项目。这一削减决定在距离9月30日本财年结束仅剩数天的时间点正式通知国会领袖。此时众议院处于休会状态，且在11月中期选举前没有安排重返华盛顿的开会日程，导致国会在财年截止前事实上无法组织常规的表决程序来回应行政部门的撤资方案。

The White House characterized the targeted allocations as "the most harmful government spending" in an official statement on Friday, asserting that President Trump remains committed to using every available tool to eliminate wasteful expenditures that do not benefit American citizens. The formal notification was delivered to congressional leadership with only days remaining before the fiscal year concludes on September 30. The timing coincides with a legislative recess in the House of Representatives, which is not scheduled to reconvene until after the November midterm elections, leaving lawmakers without an active session to organize a floor vote before the funding deadline arrives.

行政管理和预算局将这笔涉及近10亿美元的撤资方案作为行使法定扣押权限的具体举措。白宫在通报中强调，本届政府是在延续去年恢复执行《拨款扣押控制法》长期搁置权力的做法。尽管国会拨款议员近日已对多个联邦机构未支出款项保持高度戒备并向行政官员施压，白宫仍赶在财年最后一刻提交了针对这笔8.1亿美元两党法定拨款的取消清单。

The Office of Management and Budget framed the nearly $1 billion clawback package as a continuation of executive authorities under the Impoundment Control Act, which the administration revived the prior year after five decades of disuse. Leading congressional appropriators had been on high alert in recent days, directly pressing multiple federal agencies over unspent balances ahead of the fiscal cutoff. Nevertheless, the administration moved forward at the end of the fiscal cycle to present its formal cancellation list for the $810 million in enacted bipartisan appropriations.

白宫公布的具体削减清单涵盖多个民生、司法和学术支持项目。被取消的款项包括拨付给服务移民与难民的非政府组织资金、提供住房咨询服务的机构拨款，以及资助外国学者与学生赴美学术机构交流的教育基金。司法部下属的社区关系服务局也在资金削减之列，该机构建立于《民权法案》框架下，曾被称为“美国的和平调解员”。此外，一份针对推行气候变化政策国家的债务减免计划也遭到资金扣减。

The cancellation list published by the White House targets multiple civil, legal, and academic initiatives. Eliminated allocations include funding designated for nongovernmental organizations serving immigrants and refugees, grants for housing counseling non-profits, and federal assistance facilitating the arrival of foreign faculty and students at American academic institutions. The administration also rescinded funds for the Justice Department's Community Relations Services, a subagency established under the Civil Rights Act and historically known as "America's Peacemaker." Debt relief funding for foreign countries enacting climate change policies was likewise denied.

在公共卫生与科研领域，行政部门将卫生与公众服务部部分科研项目定性为“资金过剩且方向不符”，并取消了相关研究基金。该部门的少数族裔健康办公室预算以及联邦少数族裔企业协助项目同样被撤回拨款。参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默对此表示，该撤资方案实际剥夺了投向儿童、K-12学生、小企业以及健康和清洁空气科研的关键联邦资助。

In health and research, the executive branch canceled grants for programs under the Department of Health and Human Services that officials labeled "overfunded and unaligned." The clawback package also terminated funds allocated to the department's Office of Minority Health, alongside federal support programs aiding minority-owned businesses. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer stated that the package removes vital funding supporting children, K-12 students, small businesses, and scientific research into healthcare and clean air.

行政部门实施削减的制度依据源自1974年《拨款扣押控制法》（ICA）。该法案最初由国会制定，旨在限制前总统理查德·尼克松扣押未经其支持项目的支出权限。按照该法规定，总统有权向国会提交撤资请求并暂缓支出45天，由立法机构决定批准、驳回或搁置该提议。特朗普政府主张，若在财年结束前不足45天提交申请，由于国会无法走完完整的45天审议程序，被扣押的资金在9月30日财年截止时将因期限届满而自动失效，行政部门无需国会同意即可达成实质性取消。

The administration rooted its authority in the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, a statute originally enacted by Congress to constrain executive spending withholdings after former President Richard Nixon withheld funds from programs he opposed. Under the law, the executive branch may formally request a rescission and withhold the money for 45 days while lawmakers determine whether to approve, reject, or ignore the proposal. The Trump administration argued that submitting clawback requests fewer than 45 days before the fiscal year concludes creates a situation where Congress cannot complete that statutory review window, causing the withheld allocations to lapse automatically on September 30 without requiring legislative consent.

这一解释遭到非党派机构及法律界的反对。政府问责局（GAO）法律顾问此前公开指出，“口袋撤资”本质上属于违法行为。GAO强调，该机制允许总统无论国会是否批准撤资要求均拒绝支出款项，实质上通过缩短固定期限资金的法定可用期篡改了法律，最终侵蚀并剥夺了宪法赋予国会的钱袋子权力。

This statutory interpretation has faced direct pushback from legal experts and nonpartisan oversight officials. Attorneys for the Government Accountability Office previously declared pocket rescissions unlawful, writing on its WatchBlog that the maneuver enables a president to avoid spending congressionally appropriated funds regardless of legislative approval. The GAO warned that this practice effectively permits the executive branch to rewrite the law by truncating the availability period for fixed-term funds, usurping Congress's constitutional power of the purse.

国会主要拨款领袖对白宫的单方面撤资决定提出严厉批评。参议院拨款委员会主席、缅因州共和党参议员苏珊·柯林斯发表声明表示，任何未经国会批准强行撤回法定拨款的举动都构成对法律的直接践踏。柯林斯指控白宫行政管理和预算局（OMB）数月来蓄意拖延资金发放以实施非法撤资，并强调延迟本身就是未向国会报告的非法扣押，侵犯了国会的宪法拨款权。她承诺将与两党同僚合作应对这一非法行动。

Top congressional appropriators from both parties launched sharp attacks against the White House's unilateral funding cancellations. Senate Appropriations Committee Chair Susan Collins, a Maine Republican, declared in a formal statement that any effort to rescind congressionally appropriated funds without legislative approval represents a clear violation of the law. Collins argued that the Office of Management and Budget intentionally withheld approved funds for months to execute an unlawful cancellation, adding that the withholding itself constituted an unreported impoundment and a direct usurpation of legislative appropriations power. She pledged to coordinate with colleagues across the aisle to address the executive action.

众议院拨款委员会民主党首席议员、康涅狄格州众议员罗莎·德劳罗呼吁共和党人与民主党携手拒绝行政部门架空国会的图谋，指出特朗普政府整年来都在非法扣押资金以制造撤资既成事实。参议院拨款委员会副主席帕蒂·默里与参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默同样誓言反击，默里指责预算局局长拉斯·沃特向国会传递了“投票无效、法律可选”的错误信息，并呼吁曾承诺捍卫拨款权的共和党议员站出来共同制止行政越权。

House Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Rosa DeLauro, a Connecticut Democrat, called on Republican lawmakers to join Democrats in rejecting what she described as an attempt to circumvent Congress, charging that the Trump administration had unlawfully impounded funds all year just to force this outcome. Senate Appropriations Committee Vice Chair Patty Murray and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer likewise pledged to challenge the cuts. Murray directly criticized OMB Director Russ Vought, arguing that his actions conveyed the message that congressional votes do not count and federal laws are optional, while urging Republican appropriators to stand up and halt the maneuver.

本轮撤资行动延续了特朗普政府去年动用“口袋撤资”重塑联邦支出的既定策略。去年，白宫宣布削减49亿美元对外援助，其中包含针对美国国际开发署（USAID）的32亿美元削减、该机构国家民主基金的3.22亿美元削减，以及数亿美元用于全球维和行动的经费。国会随后在2025年7月批准了一套涉及90亿美元对外援助和公共广播公司（CPB）的撤资法案。针对49亿美元对外援助削减的诉讼随后上诉至最高法院，最高法院在2025年9月裁定支持行政部门，允许总统扣押其通过首次口袋撤资所取消的大部分对外援助款项。

The latest budgetary maneuver follows the precedent established last year when the Trump administration deployed pocket rescissions to curb foreign spending. In that previous iteration, the White House announced $4.9 billion in foreign aid cuts, which included $3.2 billion stripped from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), $322 million from USAID's State Democracy fund, and hundreds of millions from international peacekeeping operations. While Congress separately enacted a clawback package in July 2025 that removed $9 billion in foreign aid and funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, legal challenges against the executive withholdings reached the highest court. In September 2025, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the administration, authorizing the president to withhold the majority of the foreign aid canceled through that initial pocket rescission.

尽管最高法院尚未就特朗普第二任期内是否构成非法扣押资金作出最终裁决，共和党高层此前已回绝民主党通过延长资金有效期恢复对外援助的要求，并拒绝立法禁止总统在财年第四季度提交撤资申请。白宫此番赶在9月30日财年截止前再次采取单方面撤资，使国会两党拨款议员与行政管理和预算局之间的权力博弈进一步激化，并为11月中期选举后的联邦政府预算谈判埋下了激烈的对抗焦点。

Although the Supreme Court has not resolved broader claims regarding whether the administration illegally impounded funds during Trump's second term, top congressional Republicans have previously rebuffed Democratic calls to extend expiration dates to restore the foreign aid, while also rejecting proposals to bar fourth-quarter rescission requests. By moving unilaterally ahead of the September 30 fiscal deadline, the administration has intensified its jurisdictional clash with congressional appropriators, setting up contentious negotiations over government funding following the November midterm elections.