越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟签署自贸协定Vietnam Signs Free Trade Pact With European Free Trade Association
越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟（EFTA）四个成员国挪威、瑞士、冰岛和列支敦士登于2026年10月18日周日在河内正式签署自由贸易协定。越南工贸部与挪威政府分别发布了这一消息。四个欧洲国家均非欧盟成员，双方谈判历程始于2012年，在2018年中断后于去年重启。根据协定条款，双方将对工业产品、水产品和农产品的进出口关税进行免除或削减，文本范围同时涵盖货物与服务贸易、知识产权保护、贸易救济以及可持续发展等多个核心领域。欧洲自由贸易联盟统计数据显示，去年该组织与越南的双边贸易总额达到48亿欧元（约合54亿美元）。依据挪威政府公布的声明细节，挪威对越出口商品中约半数将在协定生效后直接享受零关税待遇，且超过98%的出口产品将在七年内逐步实现免税。越南政府发表声明指出，该协定反映了各方在外部经济波动下巩固基于规则的贸易体系的意愿，有助于推动越南拓展进出口市场并更深入地融入全球产业链。
Vietnam signed a free trade agreement in Hanoi on Sunday with the four member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)—Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. The completion of the pact was announced by the governments of Vietnam and Norway. The four European partners are not members of the European Union; official negotiations originally opened in 2012, were suspended in 2018, and resumed only last year. The agreement waives or lowers customs duties on shipments of industrial, fish, and agricultural products, while covering trade in goods and services, intellectual property rights, trade remedies, and sustainable development. Bilateral trade between EFTA and Vietnam reached 4.8 billion euros ($5.4 billion) last year, according to the association. Under terms outlined in a statement by the Norwegian government, approximately half of Norway's exports to Vietnam will immediately enter tariff-free, with over 98% scheduled to become duty-free within seven years. Vietnam's government stated that the accord reflects the signatories' determination to reinforce the rules-based trading system during periods of global economic volatility, while assisting the country in diversifying its import and export destinations and integrating into global value chains.
01自贸协定在河内正式签署Free Trade Agreement Signed in Hanoi
越南工贸部与挪威政府分别发表正式通报，确认越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟于周日在河内完成了该项双边自贸协定的签署程序。参与签署协议的欧洲国家包括挪威、瑞士、冰岛以及列支敦士登，这四个国家均不属于欧洲联盟成员国组织体系。本次签字仪式促成了越南与非欧盟欧洲经济体之间建立更系统的自贸合作关系。
Vietnam's Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Norwegian government formally announced the completion of the free trade agreement signed in Hanoi on Sunday between Vietnam and the European Free Trade Association. The four European signatory nations—Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein—are distinct in their trade governance as non-members of the European Union, formalizing a targeted economic channel with Southeast Asia's fastest-growing economy.
根据越南工贸部发布的通报说明，这项协定的签署标志着河内与欧洲自贸联盟各成员国在既有经贸往来框架下迈出了制度化的一步。越南作为东南亚经济增速最快的经济体，通过此次缔约与四个欧洲签约国达成了全面的双边法律安排。签署各方在河内完成文本签署后，联合对外界确认了协定的核心合作框架已正式成立。
According to the official statements released by the Vietnamese trade ministry and the Norwegian government, the Hanoi ceremony concluded formal preparations across the participating administrations. The signing establishes a direct bilateral legal framework between Vietnam and the four-nation European trade bloc, solidifying cross-border commercial engagement while completing administrative arrangements between Hanoi and the four non-EU European partners.
02关税减免与协定覆盖范围Tariff Reductions and Agreement Scope
依据新达成的自贸协议条款，越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟各成员国同意对多种关键进出口类别免除或削减关税，涉及范围主要涵盖工业制成品、水产渔业产品以及农产品。挪威政府在专门发布的声明中公布了具体时间表：挪威对越出口商品中约有半数将在协定生效之初直接获得免税待遇，且在接下来的七年过渡期内，实现免税的挪威出口产品比例将扩大至98%以上。
Under the provisions of the newly concluded accord, Vietnam and the European Free Trade Association agreed to eliminate or lower import customs duties across multiple economic categories, including industrial goods, fish and seafood products, and agricultural shipments. A statement issued by the Norwegian government detailed specific export timelines, confirming that roughly half of Norway's shipments entering Vietnam will qualify for duty-free treatment immediately, while more than 98% of its export lines will become tariff-free within a seven-year implementation window.
除了边境货物关税调降安排，协定文本还系统纳入了广泛的贸易规则与现代监管机制。根据签约各方联合说明的框架内容，协定完整覆盖了跨国货物贸易、服务贸易准入、知识产权保护、贸易救济措施以及可持续发展标准等多个领域，为双边商业交易与行业合规提供了详尽的制度规范。
Beyond tariff cuts at customs checkpoints, the trade pact establishes comprehensive administrative disciplines across several modern commercial sectors. According to statements released by the signatory parties, the agreement's legal scope encompasses trade in goods and services, intellectual property rights, trade remedies, and sustainable development principles, setting shared regulatory commitments for ongoing commercial operations between the Southeast Asian nation and the four-member European association.
03十二年谈判历程与贸易规模Twelve-Year Negotiation History and Bilateral Trade Scale
这项自贸协定的达成经历了超过十年的漫长磋商历程。根据官方谈判记录，越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟之间的正式谈判早在2012年就已启动，但整个磋商进程在2018年因故陷入中断并停滞数年。直到去年，双方代表团才正式重启谈判沟通，并在过去一年多时间里加紧协商剩余分歧，最终在河内顺利完成全部文本定稿与签署工作。
The conclusion of the trade pact caps a protracted negotiation process spanning well over a decade. Official bilateral talks between Vietnam and the European Free Trade Association originally opened in 2012, yet the negotiations suffered a major impasse in 2018 when formal contacts were suspended. Discussions remained frozen until delegations from both sides formally resumed bargaining last year, successfully addressing lingering differences to finalize the terms signed in Hanoi.
在经历长期谈判的同时，双边贸易已奠定较为坚实的基础。欧洲自由贸易联盟官方统计数据显示，去年该组织四个成员国与越南之间的双边贸易总额达到48亿欧元，按当前汇率折算约为54亿美元。这一贸易额体现了两国间现有的经济往来体量，新签署的免税及减税安排预期将为双方在这一双边贸易规模之上继续拓展合作创造条件。
The institutional milestone rests upon an active commercial baseline between the Southeast Asian nation and the European trade group. Official statistics published by the association show that bilateral trade volume between the European Free Trade Association and Vietnam stood at 4.8 billion euros, or approximately $5.4 billion, last year. The newly concluded tariff reductions and market concessions are positioned across this multibillion-dollar foundation to facilitate regular flows between the four European economies and Vietnam.
越南与欧洲自贸联盟谈判历程Timeline of Vietnam-EFTA Trade Negotiations
梳理越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟从启动自贸谈判、经历停滞到最终签署协定的关键节点。
Traces the key milestones in free trade negotiations between Vietnam and EFTA from initial launch to signing.
越南与由挪威、瑞士、冰岛和列支敦士登四国组成的欧洲自由贸易联盟正式启动自贸协定官方谈判。
Vietnam and the European Free Trade Association, comprising Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein, officially opened bilateral trade talks.
越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟的谈判进程遭遇重大僵局，双方官方接触随后被正式中断并陷入冻结。
Official negotiations between Vietnam and the European Free Trade Association hit an impasse and were suspended.
在谈判冻结数年后，越南与欧洲自贸联盟代表团正式恢复自贸磋商，解决遗留分歧以敲定最终文本。
Delegations from both sides formally resumed bargaining after a years-long freeze, working to resolve outstanding differences.
越南与欧洲自由贸易联盟在河内正式签署协定，双方约定减免多类关税并深化货物、服务与可持续发展合作。
Vietnam and the four EFTA member states signed the trade pact in Hanoi, agreeing to tariff cuts across industrial, fish, and agricultural goods.
04越南政府的战略定位与表态Vietnam's Strategic Position and Statements
针对新签署的自由贸易协定，越南政府发布正式声明阐明了河内方面的战略考量。越南官方在声明中强调，该协定的达成体现出参与各方在国际经济环境持续动荡的局势下，共同强化基于规则的多边与双边贸易体系的明确意愿。面对外部商业环境的不确定性，越南政府将该协定视作稳定贸易伙伴关系与维护法制化经贸机制的重要举措。
Addressing the completion of the pact, Vietnam's government released an official statement setting forth its strategic rationale and trade policy objectives. Vietnamese authorities underlined that the accord demonstrates the clear resolve of all signatory parties to reinforce the rules-based trading system during a prolonged period of volatility across the global economy. Against external market fluctuations, the administration in Hanoi viewed the legal arrangement as an institutional step to preserve structured commercial governance with European partners.
越南官方声明还进一步指出，该自贸协定预计将协助越南有效分散其进出口市场布局，降低对单一区域贸易网络的依赖。与此同时，通过与挪威、瑞士、冰岛和列支敦士登等国更紧密的制度接轨，越南政府预计该协定将直接促进国内产业更加深入地融入全球价值链，为该国制造、水产及农业等重点部门对接欧洲高端市场创造长效发展路径。
The official statement also specified that the free trade agreement is expected to assist Vietnam in actively diversifying its import and export markets, easing reliance on concentrated trade corridors. Furthermore, Vietnamese officials stated that strengthening commercial ties with Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein will enable domestic industries to integrate more deeply into global value chains, opening sustained pathways for key manufacturing, agricultural, and seafood sectors to engage directly with high-value European economies.
