美国参议院否决限制特朗普对伊战争权力的决议案US Senate Rejects Resolution Restricting Trump's Iran War Powers

美国参议院在周三深夜进行了一项关键的程序性投票，最终以47票赞成、50票反对、1票出席的结果，否决了推进民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩所提限制总统对伊战争权力决议案的动议。此次表决结果直接阻止了该法案在参议院的进一步审议。根据该决议案的要求，除非获得国会授权，否则总统必须撤回参与针对或在伊朗境内敌对行动的美军部队。由于该决议案即使在两院通过也需要总统签字才能生效，而总统极有可能行使否决权，因此其最终的实际影响力此前一直存在不确定性。

The U.S. Senate late Wednesday rejected a procedural motion to advance a resolution by Democratic Senator Tim Kaine that would restrict President Trump's power to wage war against Iran, failing in a 47-50-1 vote. Kaine's resolution would have directed the president to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Iran unless authorized by Congress. Unlike the measure passed on Tuesday, this resolution would have required the president's signature to take effect, though its practical impact remained unclear as the president would likely have vetoed the measure even if it had successfully cleared both chambers.

这一深夜的投票结果，与参议院仅在一天前展现出的态度形成了鲜明对比。在周二的投票中，参议院在四名共和党议员的支持下，勉强通过了一项旨在限制特朗普战争权力的众议院决议案。值得注意的是，这四名共和党议员在上个月的一次早期程序性投票中，也曾投票支持推进凯恩的决议案，从而使该提案在经历七次失败后首次在参议院获得推进。然而，周三深夜的否决迅速逆转了这一势头，为特朗普政府及参议院共和党领导层带来了一次关键的胜利。

The late-night rejection marked a swift and dramatic reversal for the Senate, coming just one day after the chamber narrowly passed a separate, House-passed war powers resolution with the support of four Republicans. Those same four Republican lawmakers had previously voted to advance Kaine's resolution in an earlier procedural vote last month, which marked the first time an Iran war powers resolution had moved forward in the Senate after seven prior failed attempts. Wednesday's vote successfully halted the momentum of the measure, delivering a victory to the administration and Senate Republican leadership.

在周三深夜投票前，特朗普与参议院共和党人在国会大厦举行了一次闭门政策午宴。这场闭门会议的气氛极其紧张，甚至演变成了一场激烈的争吵。特朗普在会上直接表达了对部分共和党议员的强烈不满，并点名指责了那些在周二投票支持限制其战争权力、以及未能参加该投票的共和党人。特朗普认为，国会的这些举动严重削弱了他在与伊朗进行和平谈判时的立场，使他在谈判桌上处于不利地位。

Prior to the late-night vote on Wednesday, President Donald Trump attended a closed-door Senate Republican policy luncheon at the Capitol that quickly escalated into a tense and explosive meeting. During the luncheon, Trump expressed deep frustration and directly berated Republican lawmakers who had either voted in favor of the war powers resolution on Tuesday or missed the vote entirely. The president argued that such congressional actions undermined his administration's leverage and weakened his position at the negotiating table as the United States continues talks with Iran to secure a long-term peace deal.

在这场爆发了言语交锋的午宴上，路易斯安那州共和党参议员比尔·卡西迪与特朗普进行了直接的面对面争论。卡西迪在会上向特朗普明确表示，在国会和美国人民获得更多关于这场冲突的信息之前，他将继续投票支持限制战争权力的法案。卡西迪在会后向媒体透露，他当时站起来对总统说，政府并没有告诉美国人民到底发生了什么，这场冲突原本预计持续四周，如今却已经拖延了四个月，而且最初设定的目标也并未实现。

The closed-door session erupted into a direct shouting match when Republican Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana went toe-to-toe with Trump over his Iran policy. Cassidy challenged the president directly, stating that he would continue to vote for war powers measures until the administration provides more information about the conflict to Congress and the American public. Following the meeting, Cassidy told reporters that he stood up and confronted Trump, pointing out that the administration had not been transparent, and noting that a conflict expected to last four weeks had already dragged on for four months without achieving its original objectives.

在周三深夜的最终表决中，参议院以47票赞成、50票反对和1票出席的投票结果否决了该决议案。这一结果直接反映了关键共和党议员在特朗普施压后的立场转变。此前曾投票支持限制总统战争权力的肯塔基州共和党参议员兰德·保罗，在本次投票中改投了“出席”票。与此同时，在午宴上与特朗普发生激烈争论的路易斯安那州共和党参议员比尔·卡西迪，也改变了先前的立场，对推进该决议案投下了反对票。

In the final late-night tally on Wednesday, the Senate rejected the procedural motion to advance the war powers resolution in a 47-50-1 vote, driven by critical shifts among key Republican lawmakers following the president's pressure. Senator Rand Paul, a Republican from Kentucky who had previously supported measures to rein in the president's war powers, altered his stance to vote "present." Similarly, Republican Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, who had confronted Trump during the policy luncheon earlier that day, also reversed his position and voted against advancing the resolution.

相比之下，另外两名共和党参议员——缅因州的苏珊·柯林斯和阿拉斯加州的丽莎·穆尔科斯基，则顶住了来自总统的压力，选择与大多数民主党人站在一起，再次对蒂姆·凯恩的决议案投下了赞成票。在民主党阵营内部也出现了分歧，宾夕法尼亚州民主党参议员约翰·费特曼再次投下反对票，加入了反对限制总统战争权力的行列。这些关键议员的倒戈和分化，最终促成了参议院在短短一天内实现态度逆转。

In contrast, Republican Senators Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska maintained their positions, breaking with their party leadership to vote in favor of advancing Democratic Senator Tim Kaine's resolution alongside most Democrats. Meanwhile, the Democratic caucus experienced its own defection as Senator John Fetterman of Pennsylvania voted against the measure once again. These combined voting shifts and strategic alignments successfully halted the legislative effort to restrict the administration's military authority.

投票结束后，特朗普在社交媒体平台“真实社交”（Truth Social）上对这一结果表示欢迎。他特别提到了参议员兰德·保罗和比尔·卡西迪的立场转变，并写道，这次投票向伊朗发出了警告。尽管卡西迪在最终投票中改投了反对票，但他此前在闭门会议中对总统表达了公开质疑。卡西迪向媒体解释称，政府并没有向美国人民和国会提供关于这场冲突的充分信息。他指出，这场冲突原本预计仅持续四周，如今却已拖延了四个月，且最初设定的目标仍未实现。

Following the late-night vote, President Trump welcomed the outcome on Truth Social, noting the crucial voting shifts of Senators Rand Paul and Bill Cassidy, and writing that the decision puts Iran on notice. Despite his final vote against the measure, Senator Cassidy publicly explained his concerns regarding the administration's lack of transparency. Cassidy told reporters that the administration had failed to inform the American people about the situation, pointing out that a conflict initially expected to last four weeks had already dragged on for four months without achieving its original objectives.

除了政治博弈外，特朗普政府还从法律和现实局势两方面对该决议案提出了抗辩。政府官员辩称，由于美国与伊朗双方已经进入停火状态，美军实际上已不再与伊朗处于敌对状态，因此限制战争权力的动议失去了现实依据。此外，特朗普政府还提出了更深层次的宪法质疑，明确表示其认为1973年通过的《战争权力决议》本身就是违宪的。该法案最初旨在建立一套机制，以便国会能够对总统动用军事力量进行制约，但政府认为这一限制侵犯了宪法赋予总统的权力。

Beyond the immediate political fallout, the Trump administration mounted both factual and constitutional arguments against the legislative effort. The administration argued that the United States is no longer engaged in hostilities with Iran since the two sides entered into a ceasefire agreement. Furthermore, the administration asserted its long-standing legal position that the 1973 War Powers Resolution—the landmark law designed to establish a framework for Congress to check the president's unilateral use of military force—is itself unconstitutional.