美国参议院通过《21世纪住房之路法案》US Senate Passes 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act

美国参议院于2026年6月22日星期一以85票赞成、5票反对的压倒性结果，通过了《21世纪住房之路法案》（ROAD Act）。在当天的表决中，共有五名共和党参议员投下了反对票，他们分别是来自佛罗里达州的里克·斯科特、威斯康星州的罗恩·约翰逊、阿拉巴马州的汤米·图伯维尔、肯塔基州的兰德·保罗以及犹他州的迈克·李。这一投票结果展现了参议院内部在应对住房成本问题上的广泛共识，但也反映出少数保守派议员对该法案持保留意见。

The U.S. Senate voted overwhelmingly 85-5 on Monday, June 22, 2026, to pass the landmark 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act. The five dissenting votes were all cast by Republican senators, specifically Rick Scott of Florida, Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, Tommy Tuberville of Alabama, Rand Paul of Kentucky, and Mike Lee of Utah. This broad bipartisan margin highlighted a rare moment of consensus in the upper chamber, even as a small group of conservative lawmakers chose to oppose the sweeping housing package.

此外，由于华盛顿地区当天遭遇严重雷暴天气，导致罗纳德·里根华盛顿国家机场发布了停飞指令，部分参议员因此未能赶回国会大厦，错过了此次关键的投票。尽管存在这些缺席情况，该法案依然顺利跨越了通过门槛，并被送往众议院进行下一步审议。这一立法进展标志着国会数十年来在解决住房监管问题上迈出的重要一步。

The final vote count was also affected by severe weather conditions in the nation's capital. A series of heavy thunderstorms in the Washington area triggered a ground stop at Ronald Reagan National Airport, preventing several senators from returning to the Capitol in time and causing them to miss the vote entirely. Despite these weather-related absences, the legislation secured more than enough support to clear the Senate and advance to the House of Representatives.

《21世纪住房之路法案》的核心举措之一是限制华尔街机构投资者购买单户住宅。这一限制旨在防止大型机构投资者在市场上过度扫货，从而帮助更多普通美国人实现拥有住房的梦想。该条款也是唐纳德·特朗普总统的核心诉求之一，他曾在今年1月的国情咨文演讲中推动禁止机构投资者抢购单户住宅，并在本月早些时候的公告中称该法案是美国历史上最全面、最具影响力的住房立法。

A central pillar of the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act is the restriction placed on institutional investors, preventing Wall Street firms from purchasing single-family homes. This measure is designed to stop large corporations from buying up entry-level housing stock, thereby making homeownership more accessible for average Americans. The restriction aligns with a key priority of President Donald Trump, who advocated for a ban on institutional investors buying single-family homes during his State of the Union address in January and recently hailed the package as the most comprehensive housing legislation in U.S. history.

除了限制投资者所有权外，该法案还致力于通过多项行政与监管改革来扩大房屋供给并降低建设成本。具体措施包括建立预先批准的房屋设计方案、简化环境审查程序，以及鼓励地方进行分区改革以加速房屋建设。支持者指出，这些消除建设监管障碍、削减繁琐手续的举措，将有效加快住宅建设进度，从而在全美范围内增加可负担住房的供应。

Beyond targeting institutional buyers, the legislation seeks to aggressively expand the nation's housing supply and lower costs by cutting regulatory red tape. The bill establishes pre-approved home designs, streamliners environmental review processes, and encourages local zoning reforms to accelerate the pace of homebuilding. Proponents of the bill emphasize that removing these long-standing regulatory barriers and streamlining construction approvals will significantly boost the availability of affordable housing across the country.

在参议院最终通过该法案之前，参众两院经历了数月的拉锯战。尽管两党对解决住房负担能力问题存在广泛共识，但双方在具体条款上博弈不断。此前，参议院曾于2026年3月通过了该法案的一个早期版本，而众议院则在5月通过了另一个版本。两院之间的主要分歧集中在多项核心议题上，包括对购买单户住宅的华尔街大型投资者设立新限制、禁止美联储发行数字货币，以及实施一系列针对社区银行的去监管举措。

The passage of the legislation follows months of intense back-and-forth between the two chambers of Congress. Although there was broad bipartisan support for addressing housing affordability, lawmakers spent months negotiating over several friction points. The Senate had previously passed an earlier version of the package in March 2026, followed by the House approving its own version in May. The primary disagreements centered on language establishing new restrictions on large Wall Street investors purchasing single-family homes, a ban on the Federal Reserve issuing a digital currency, and a slate of community banking deregulation initiatives.

这一立法僵局在上周迎来了突破。参议院银行委员会主席蒂姆·斯科特、成员伊丽莎白·沃伦，与众议院金融服务委员会主席弗兰奇·希尔、成员马克辛·沃特斯这四位两院委员会领导人达成了一致协议。这一两院共识不仅解决了双方在限制华尔街、数字货币禁令及社区银行去监管等关键条款上的分歧，也为该法案在参议院获得压倒性通过并最终送交白宫铺平了道路。

The legislative logjam was broken last week when the four key lawmakers leading the negotiations reached a bicameral agreement. Senate Banking Committee Chairman Tim Scott and ranking member Elizabeth Warren, alongside House Financial Services Committee Chairman French Hill and ranking member Maxine Waters, finalized the compromise. This crucial breakthrough resolved the long-standing disputes over investor limits, the digital currency ban, and community banking regulations, clearing the path for the bill's overwhelming Senate approval.

该法案的通过伴随着强烈的政治和民意压力。随着2026年中期选举临近，选民对生活成本和住房负担能力的担忧已成为今年选举的关键议题。对于共和党人而言，该法案被视为一次急需的立法胜利。由于选民普遍认为唐纳德·特朗普总统及共和党控制的国会在应对生活成本方面做得不够，共和党在2026年中期选举中的前景在今年内有所下滑。国会正面临着来自选民要求解决住房成本等核心民生问题的巨大压力。

The passage of the legislation comes amid significant political pressure as voter concerns over the cost of living and housing affordability have emerged as pivotal issues in this midterm election year. For Republicans, the bill represents a highly anticipated legislative victory. The party's prospects for the 2026 midterm elections have faced downward pressure throughout the year, driven by a widespread public perception that President Donald Trump and the Republican-controlled Congress have not taken sufficient action to tackle rising living costs.

相关民调数据进一步凸显了特朗普政府面临的经济民意挑战。美联社在6月中旬进行的一项民意调查显示，特朗普的整体支持率仅为37%，其中仅有33%的受访者对其经济政策的处理表示赞成。其他多项调查也显示，他在应对生活成本这一推动其在2024年大选中获胜的核心议题上得分较低。此外，全国广播公司（NBC News）在6月份公布的民调显示，近80%的美国选民认为，相比于上一代人，如今实现“美国梦”已经变得更加困难。这些数据表明，解决住房等生活成本问题已成为当前政府和国会无法回避的政治诉求。

Recent polling data underscores the economic challenges confronting the administration. A mid-June poll conducted by The Associated Press revealed that President Trump's overall approval rating stands at just 37 percent, weighed down by the fact that only 33 percent of respondents approve of his handling of the economy. Other surveys have similarly shown low marks for his management of the cost of living, which was the central issue that propelled him to victory in 2024. Furthermore, a June NBC News poll indicated that nearly 80 percent of U.S. voters believe achieving the "American Dream" is more difficult today than it was a generation ago.

随着参议院投票的结束，《21世纪住房之路法案》已正式移交至众议院。众议院预计将在未来几天内对该法案进行最终表决，最快可能在周二进行。由于两院委员会领导人此前已达成共识，该法案在众议院的通过被普遍看好。一旦众议院表决通过，该法案将直接送交总统唐纳德·特朗普的办公桌，由其签署正式生效。这一立法进展有望在2026年中期选举临近之际，为国会和白宫提供一个应对生活成本问题的关键政策成果。

Following its decisive passage in the Senate, the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act has officially moved to the House of Representatives for final consideration. The House is expected to vote on the compromise package within the next few days, with a vote possible as early as Tuesday. Given the bicameral agreement reached by committee leaders last week, the legislation is widely considered to be on a clear path to approval. Once cleared by the House, the bill will be sent directly to President Donald Trump's desk to be signed into law, delivering a major legislative package ahead of the 2026 midterm elections.

白宫对该法案的最终版本表达了强烈支持，并敦促国会尽快完成立法程序。特朗普总统此前已多次对该法案表示赞许，并在本月早些时候发表公告，称其为美国历史上最全面、最具影响力的住房立法。特朗普一直将限制华尔街机构投资者购买单户住宅视为其核心诉求，该法案的顺利推进不仅符合其政策目标，也将使该法案在送达白宫后获得签署。随着两院表决进入尾声，这项旨在降低住房成本并扩大供给的法案正处于正式成法的最后阶段。

The White House has expressed strong support for the final version of the bill, which includes President Trump's top priority of restricting Wall Street's footprint in the single-family housing market. Earlier this month, President Trump issued a proclamation urging Congress to pass the legislation, calling it the most comprehensive and consequential housing package in U.S. history. With the administration's backing and the Senate's overwhelming approval, supporters of the bill are focused on pushing the legislation across the finish line to provide housing relief for the American public.