美国众议院通过700亿美元法案为移民执法机构提供资金US House Passes $70 Billion Bill to Fund Immigration Enforcement

《安全美利坚法案》在周二的最终通过，标志着众议院议长迈克·约翰逊取得了重大的立法胜利。在共和党仅占微弱多数的情况下，约翰逊成功协调党内力量，兑现了总统唐纳德·特朗普的核心国内政策目标。该法案已于上周在参议院获得通过，目前已送交白宫等待总统签署。通过将资金保障延长至2029财年（即特朗普任期结束），国会共和党人为联邦移民执法机构奠定了长期的财政基础。

The final passage of the Secure America Act on Tuesday represents a significant legislative victory for House Speaker Mike Johnson, who successfully navigated a razor-thin Republican majority to deliver on one of President Donald Trump's primary domestic goals. The legislation, which cleared the Senate last week, now heads to the White House for the president's expected signature. By securing this funding through the end of Trump's term in fiscal year 2029, congressional Republicans have established a long-term financial foundation for federal immigration enforcement.

这一多年期资金保障策略确保了美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）以及海关及边境保护局（CBP）在特朗普余下的任期内，无需依赖临时拨款法案，也免受迫在眉睫的预算争端影响。此次投票的成功结束了国会山数周以来的立法延迟和激烈谈判，在众议院民主党人一致反对的情况下，为这些执法机构提供了前所未有的预算确定性。

This multi-year funding strategy ensures that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will not have to rely on temporary funding measures or face immediate budget battles for the remainder of the administration. The successful vote concludes weeks of legislative delays and intense negotiations on Capitol Hill, providing the agencies with unprecedented budgetary certainty despite unified opposition from House Democrats.

在《安全美利坚法案》规定的约700亿美元资金中，美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）将获得380亿美元，海关及边境保护局（CBP）将获得260亿美元。此外，该法案还拨出50亿美元，由国土安全部部长马克韦恩·马林全权支配。这笔新增的资金是在去年夏天共和党通过的税收与支出法案中已向ICE和CBP拨付超过140亿美元的基础上追加的，使这两家机构的预算得到了极大的充实。

Under the provisions of the Secure America Act, the approximately $70 billion funding package allocates $38 billion directly to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and $26 billion to Customs and Border Protection (CBP). An additional $5 billion is designated for Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin to distribute at his personal discretion. This multi-billion dollar infusion builds upon the more than $140 billion that congressional Republicans previously allocated to both agencies as part of a major tax and spending package passed last summer.

为了通过这笔资金，共和党人利用了预算和解程序这一特殊的立法机制。由于民主党人此前因明尼阿波利斯枪击事件要求对移民执法进行改革——包括强制执法人员佩戴身体记录仪以及进入民宅必须持有司法授权书，两党谈判最终破裂。通过采用预算和解程序，共和党人得以绕过民主党人的改革诉求，在没有获得任何民主党议员支持的情况下，直接通过了这项为期三年的资金法案。

To secure these supercharged budgets, Republicans utilized the specialized budget reconciliation process to bypass Democratic lawmakers. Following the collapse of bipartisan negotiations—which faltered over Democratic demands for enforcement reforms, including mandatory body-worn cameras for federal agents and judicial warrants for residential entries—the GOP harnessed this party-line legislative mechanism. This strategy allowed Republicans to advance the three-year funding measure and fully finance the agencies without conceding to any of the policy restrictions demanded by the opposition.

这场持续115天的政治对峙始于2026年1月。当时，联邦移民执法人员在明尼阿波利斯进行的一次执法行动中，枪杀了Renee Good和Alex Pretti两名美国公民。这一事件引发了民主党人的强烈不满，他们要求对移民执法战术进行改革。到了2月份，参议院民主党人投票反对为国土安全部提供资金，导致该部门陷入停摆。这次停摆也成为了美国历史上持续时间最长的国土安全部停摆。

The 115-day political standoff traces its origins back to January 2026, when federal immigration agents fatally shot two U.S. citizens, Renee Good and Alex Pretti, during operations in Minneapolis. The incident sparked intense outrage among Democrats, who demanded sweeping reforms to federal immigration enforcement tactics. In February, Senate Democrats voted to block funding for the Department of Homeland Security, triggering what would become the longest DHS shutdown in United States history.

在停摆持续75天后，国会通过了一项法案以结束停摆，并恢复了国土安全部大部分机构的资金，包括海岸警卫队、联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）、运输安全管理局（TSA）和特勤局。然而，由于共和党人拒绝了民主党人提出的改革要求，包括强制执法人员佩戴身体记录仪以及进入民宅需持有司法授权书，针对ICE和边境巡逻队的资金在当时被剥离。这一僵局导致特朗普总统不得不动用其他资金池来临时支付这些执法人员的薪水，直到此次《安全美利坚法案》获得通过。

Congress eventually ended the historic shutdown 75 days later by passing a bill to fund most of the sprawling department, including the Coast Guard, FEMA, TSA, and the Secret Service. However, funding for ICE and Border Patrol was stripped from that package after Republicans rejected Democratic demands for mandatory body-worn cameras and judicial warrants for home entries. This unresolved impasse forced President Trump to utilize alternative funding pools to temporarily pay enforcement agents until the passage of the Secure America Act.

此次投票引发了两党的激烈交锋。众议院民主党党团主席、加利福尼亚州民主党人彼得·阿吉拉尔谴责该法案是给移民与海关执法局（ICE）和边境巡逻队的“无限制空白支票”，并指出共和党人此前已经削减了医疗保健和食品援助。与此相反，共和党人则庆祝这一胜利。加利福尼亚州共和党众议员汤姆·麦克林托克在众议院发言时表示，该法案打破了民主党对ICE和CBP资金的控制。佛罗里达州共和党众议员格雷格·斯托布也表示，民主党人现在无法再让这些机构停摆。

The vote triggered sharp partisan clashes on Capitol Hill. Representative Pete Aguilar of California, the chair of the House Democratic Caucus, condemned the package as a "$70 billion blank check for ICE and border patrol, with no strings attached," pointing out that Republicans had already cut healthcare and food assistance. Conversely, Republicans celebrated the legislative outcome. Representative Tom McClintock of California declared on the House floor that the bill breaks the Democrats' stranglehold over ICE and CBP funding, while Representative Greg Steube of Florida noted that the opposition would no longer be able to shut the agencies down.

尽管法案最终获得通过，但整个立法过程暴露出共和党内部的严重分歧与微弱多数的脆弱性。共和党高层此前在停摆策略上存在尖锐对立，且该法案在参议院曾因共和党人反对特朗普推动设立司法部和解基金而险些流产。在众议院最终表决前，共和党党内强硬派还曾要求领导层承诺审议一项更严厉的移民打击法案。最终，加利福尼亚州独立议员凯文·基利加入民主党阵营投下了反对票，而所有出席的共和党议员均投下赞成票，使法案以214票对212票的微弱优势涉险过关。

Despite the victory, the legislative push exposed significant internal Republican tensions and highlighted the fragility of their narrow majority. The top two GOP leaders had previously been sharply at odds over shutdown strategy, and the package nearly collapsed in the Senate due to Republican opposition to a proposed Justice Department settlement fund. Before the final House vote, GOP hardliners also demanded promises for a stricter immigration crackdown bill. Ultimately, the bill passed 214-212 along party lines, with independent Representative Kevin Kiley of California joining unanimous Democrats in voting against the measure.