美国对近10亿美元加拿大商品实施进口禁令US Enforces Import Ban on $967 Million in Canadian Goods

美利坚行动论坛贸易政策主任雅各布·延森基于2025年贸易统计指出，禁令涉及的具体商品贸易规模达9.67亿美元，约合8.5亿欧元，占美加每年约8800亿美元双边贸易总额的较小份额。在被封锁的货物清单中，酒类产品占总价值的87%，涵盖啤酒、无醇啤酒、葡萄酒、起泡酒、白兰地、清酒、威士忌、伏特加以及朗姆酒等直接面向消费端包装的酒精饮料。

Jacob Jensen, director of trade policy at the American Action Forum, calculated that the prohibited imports represent $967 million (approximately €850 million) based on 2025 trade data, a modest share of the roughly $880 billion in annual two-way commerce between the two countries. Alcoholic beverages account for 87% of the banned total value, spanning consumer-packaged beer, non-alcoholic beer, wine, sparkling wine, brandy, sake, whisky, vodka, and rum.

除了酒类，美方海关限制目录还纳入了部分农业副产品和机动车辆，明确禁止进口乳清及浓缩蛋白等乳制品原料、糖蜜，以及发动机汽油排量超过800毫升（49立方英寸）的加拿大制造摩托车与轻便摩托车。魁北克省庞巴迪动力产品公司证实其生产的三轮摩托车已被列入美国进口禁令名单。

Beyond alcoholic drinks, the federal restriction list targets selected agricultural byproducts and motorized vehicles, banning Canadian dairy items such as whey and protein concentrates, molasses, and motorcycles or mopeds equipped with combustion petrol engines larger than 800 cubic centimeters (49 cubic inches). Quebec-based Bombardier Recreational Products confirmed that its three-wheel Can-Am Spyder and Canyon motorcycles are directly barred from entering the United States under the order.

美加贸易摩擦在夏季加剧。当时特朗普政府援引大萧条时期的法律条款，对价值约200亿美元的加拿大商品征收50%关税，指责加方歧视美国乳业、汽车及酒类生产商。两国长期围绕乳业保护政策存在分歧，加方通过配额制度对超额乳制品征收高额关税以保护本土产业。

The trade confrontation between the two neighbors deepened significantly over the summer when the Trump administration invoked Great Depression-era legislation to levy 50% tariffs on roughly $20 billion worth of Canadian imports. Washington asserted that Canada discriminates against American dairy, vehicle, and alcoholic beverage producers. The two nations have clashed repeatedly over Ottawa's longstanding dairy supply management, which imposes heavy tariffs on dairy products once foreign imports exceed specified quota thresholds.

面对美方征税举措，加拿大政府随即实施了15%、25%至50%不等的对等反制关税，并在受影响金额上与美方保持一致。安大略省等加拿大省份随后采取行动，直接将美国产酒精饮料从零售货架上下架。荷兰与骑士律师事务所合伙人帕特里克·柴尔德里斯指出，此前实施的50%关税已使许多加拿大产品对美出口失去经济可行性，构成了事实上的贸易壁垒，而美方决定出台进口禁令是对加方反制举措的进一步惩罚。

In response to the U.S. tariff measures, Ottawa promptly countered by imposing tariffs ranging between 15%, 25%, and 50% on a matching dollar-for-dollar value of American goods. Sub-national governments followed suit, as Ontario and other Canadian provinces removed American-made liquor from retail store shelves. Patrick Childress, a trade attorney at Holland & Knight and former U.S. trade official, observed that the prior 50% duties had already rendered the importation of many Canadian goods economically unviable as a de facto barrier, leading the White House to formalize the prohibition as a punitive measure against Canadian retaliation.

由于分销商在禁令生效前提前备货，加上特定豁免条款的存在，美国普通消费者在短期内预计不会立刻感受到加拿大商品的断供。在对美出口的加拿大核心酒类中，装在4升以上大容器中的威士忌和利口酒被免于禁令限制，且无需缴纳关税。例如，知名威士忌品牌皇冠（Crown Royal）此前便已采取将散装威士忌运往美国本土后再行灌装销售的模式，因而能够维持正常供应链运作。不过，对于其他缺乏现成大包装容器的生产商而言，调整运输包装并在美国重新分装将增加额外的仓储与包装成本，这些新增支出最终可能转嫁给终端消费者。

American consumers are unlikely to notice an immediate shortage of Canadian goods on store shelves, largely due to advance stockpiling by distributors and specific structural exemptions built into the trade restrictions. Whisky and liqueurs—two of Canada's leading alcohol exports to the United States—are exempt from the ban and face no tariffs when transported in bulk containers larger than four liters. Canadian distillers such as Crown Royal are positioned to avoid operational disruption because the company already ships bulk whisky across the border to bottle domestically within the United States. However, for producers that must procure specialized bulk containers and establish U.S. rebottling operations, the added logistics expenses could eventually be passed along to retail shoppers in the form of higher prices.

制造业方面，魁北克摩托车制造商庞巴迪动力产品公司表示，由于当前销售季的大部分车辆生产和对美发货工作已经完成，本次禁令对其业务的实质影响预计要到明年才会显现。此外，彭博社报道指出该项禁令同样波及在加拿大设有生产基地并将产品销往美国市场的美国企业。

In the vehicle manufacturing sector, Bombardier Recreational Products noted that the direct commercial fallout will likely be delayed until next year because the company has already completed the vast majority of its production and cross-border deliveries for the current season. Bloomberg reported that the federal import restrictions also target American companies that manufacture finished goods in Canadian facilities for sale in the United States.

在禁令生效前后，特朗普在白宫椭圆形办公室向记者表达了乐观预期，称加方一直主动联系美方，并预测渥太华将在未来三至四周内主动让步并寻求取消所有关税。不过，这一预期与美加贸易主管官员的表态形成鲜明对比。美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔明确表示美方并不急于达成协议，强调两国在石油、天然气和钾肥等重要大宗商品领域依然维持着强劲贸易往来，美方仍能稳定获取所需资源。

Speaking to reporters in the Oval Office ahead of the restrictions taking effect, President Donald Trump expressed strong confidence in a swift resolution, asserting that Canadian officials contact Washington constantly and predicting Canada will yield within three to four weeks to seek a full removal of tariffs. However, this timetable diverges sharply from the posture outlined by trade negotiators on both sides. U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer stated there is no urgency on Washington's side to finalize a deal, emphasizing that broad commerce between the two nations remains robust as the U.S. continues to reliably secure essential commodities from Canada, including oil, natural gas, and potash.

加拿大方面同样展现出强硬立场。加拿大贸易部长多米尼克·勒布朗指责美方加征非法且不合理的关税，给加拿大企业和劳工造成实质困难，重申加方正在寻求替代方案，绝不会在电话旁被动等待，也不会签署损害国家主权与经济利益的不利协议。与此同时，加拿大总理马克·卡尼在双边关系恶化之际积极拓展对欧经贸关系，并在近期演讲中批评白宫将经济政策武器化以对其他国家施加胁迫。彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员伊努·马纳克分析认为，卡尼并不急于在美方中期选举前仓促达成贸易妥协。

Canadian officials similarly signaled resistance to rapid concessions. Canadian Trade Minister Dominic LeBlanc condemned the U.S. trade measures as illegal and unjustified tariffs that inflict substantial hardship on domestic businesses and workers, stressing that Ottawa will not sign an unfavorable agreement or simply wait by the phone. Prime Minister Mark Carney has spent recent weeks seeking closer economic integration with the European Union, warning in a public address that the White House is weaponizing economic policy as an instrument of coercion. Inu Manak, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, observed that Carney faces no political incentive to rush into a deal ahead of the upcoming U.S. midterm elections.