全美柴油均价首破每加仑6美元创历史新高US Diesel Price Crosses $6 a Gallon to Hit Record High

美国汽车协会（AAA）最新监测数据显示，全美柴油平均零售价在9月11日达到每加仑6.05至6.06美元（精确读数为6.0556美元），正式刷新历史纪录，在一周时间内上涨8美分。此前柴油的历史最高纪录为2022年6月俄乌冲突爆发后创下的每加仑5.82美元，该纪录在9月第一周已被打破。从同比走势看，卡车运输司机与农业从业者当前支付的柴油价格较一年前的3.71美元激增约60%至63%，在全美能源零售统计中正迈向有记录以来最大的年度百分比涨幅。

According to motor club AAA, the nationwide retail price of diesel reached an all-time record of $6.05 to $6.06 per gallon—specifically $6.0556—on September 11, marking an eight-cent jump in the span of a single week. The surge officially eclipsed the prior peak of $5.82 per gallon set in June 2022 following the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Compared to $3.71 per gallon a year earlier, truckers and agricultural operators are paying roughly 60% to 63% more to fuel their equipment, placing diesel on track for the largest annual percentage increase in modern records.

相较而言，全美常规无铅汽油的平均零售价目前位于每加仑4.28至4.29美元区间，较前一周上涨15美分，并在劳动节期间创下每加仑4.15美元的同期历史高点。虽然汽油自美伊开战以来累计上涨约40%，但柴油自7月下旬以来的攀升速度和幅度均明显快于汽油。能源行业分析机构GasBuddy指出，美国消费者与商业机构目前每日在汽油和柴油上的总支出较一年前高出约7亿美元。

The surge in diesel has outpaced regular unleaded gasoline, which averaged between $4.28 and $4.29 per gallon on Thursday and Friday after climbing 15 cents over the prior week and setting a seasonal Labor Day record of $4.15 per gallon. While gasoline has gained roughly 40% since the war with Iran began, diesel prices have climbed higher and faster since late July. GasBuddy data shows that Americans are spending about $700 million more per day on fuel purchases compared to this time last year.

柴油供给危机由原油成本攀升与炼油产能受阻共同引发。随着美伊战事激化，布伦特原油在周四升至每桶108美元，美国原油期货自5月以来首次重返100美元上方，9月单月涨幅约达20%。霍尔木兹海峡油轮遇袭导致原油与燃料运输受阻，直接推高了基础原料成本。

The diesel shortage is driven by a dual shock of escalating raw crude prices and severe refining bottlenecks. As fighting between the United States and Iran escalated, Brent crude jumped to $108 a barrel on Thursday, while U.S. crude oil futures topped $100 a barrel for the first time since May, registering a roughly 20% gain in September alone. Iranian tanker attacks and shipping disruptions across the Strait of Hormuz have further restricted crude movements and amplified supply tightness.

除原油外，炼油环节成为更严重的短缺瓶颈。俄罗斯作为仅次于美国的主要柴油出口国，其炼油基础设施今年以来遭遇乌克兰无人机打击，迫使克里姆林宫实施柴油出口禁令并至少持续至9月底。同时，伊朗及也门胡塞武装对中东炼厂的袭击造成进一步破坏。美国炼油商瓦莱罗能源（Valero）首席运营官加里·西蒙斯（Gary Simmons）指出，东欧与中东战事已导致全球约500万桶/日的炼油产能关停，全球柴油供应减少近8%，且几乎没有闲置炼油产能可供填补。

Refining capacity presents an even tighter constraint than crude supply. Russia, typically the world's largest diesel exporter after the United States, saw its processing plants damaged by Ukrainian drone strikes, forcing Moscow to impose an export ban lasting at least through late September. In the Middle East, attacks by Iran and Houthi militants have damaged regional refineries. Gary Simmons, chief operating officer at U.S. refiner Valero, stated on an earnings call that wars across Eastern Europe and the Middle East have shut down about 5 million barrels per day of refining capacity, stripping nearly 8% of global diesel supply with virtually no spare capacity available to compensate.

柴油是支撑美国重型货运卡车与货运铁路网络的关键燃料。全美大部分家庭日用商品主要依托柴油驱动的重型卡车与货运列车运送，主要卡车运输承运商与铁路货运公司正通过加收燃油附加费的方式，将不断激增的燃料开支转嫁给零售商与制造企业等下游客户，进而可能推高最终商品价格。

Diesel serves as the essential power source for heavy-duty trucking and the national rail network, moving nearly all consumer goods purchased by American households. Major trucking carriers and freight railroads are shifting these surging operating expenses directly onto manufacturing and retail clients through fuel surcharges, which businesses in turn offset by raising price tags on finished products.

美国西海岸的物流枢纽正面临尤为显著的价格压力。加利福尼亚州的柴油平均零售价已攀升至每加仑7.98美元（精确读数为7.9827美元）。随着年终假日购物季临近，洛杉矶港和长滩港等全美最大港口即将迎来大量集装箱货物的集中到港，自港口将商品转运至零售商的地面物流运输成本较往年显著提高，相关新增成本预计将逐步传导至终端消费者。

Cost pressures are particularly acute at West Coast transportation hubs, where California diesel averages $7.98 a gallon—specifically $7.9827. With the nation's largest maritime gateways at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach preparing for an influx of containers ahead of the peak holiday shopping season, moving imported goods from docks to retail shelves will carry substantial shipping premiums that may ultimately be passed on to retail shoppers.

全美柴油价格冲上纪录高位的时间点恰逢秋收季展开，直接加重了农场运营的开支压力。柴油是驱动拖拉机、收割机等重型农业机械以及完成农作物播种与收割的核心燃料。作为全美第一大农业州的加利福尼亚州，其柴油价格已达到每加仑7.9827美元的高位，显著推高了农场主在采收关键期的实际运营支出。

The surge in diesel prices to unprecedented highs directly coincides with the start of the autumn harvest season, compounding operating strains across the American agricultural sector. Diesel serves as the essential power source for tractors, combines, and heavy machinery used to plant and harvest crops. In California, the nation's largest agricultural producer, prices averaging $7.9827 per gallon have significantly driven up on-field mechanical expenses at a pivotal operational moment for growers.

除了高昂的农机燃料费用外，美国农业生产者还面临化肥短缺与成本上涨的复合挤压。由于大量石油产品作为基础原料直接参与化肥生产，原油与成品油价格攀升同步拉高了肥料售价。管理咨询机构RSM首席经济学家约瑟夫·布鲁苏埃拉斯（Joseph Brusuelas）指出，杂货价格对柴油成本变动尤为敏感，尤其许多超市因牛肉成本高企利润率已被压缩，燃料上涨正沿食品供应链向终端零售市场层层传导。

Beyond field fuel expenses, agricultural producers face compounded financial pressure from fertilizer shortages and elevated production input costs. Because petroleum constitutes a primary raw material for fertilizer manufacturing, elevated crude and refined product markets have pushed fertilizer expenses higher. Joseph Brusuelas, chief economist at management consulting firm RSM, noted that grocery store prices are particularly sensitive to surging diesel costs, partly because supermarket margins are already compressed by high beef expenses, allowing energy costs across the broader food supply chain to cascade into retail food pricing.

柴油价格的大幅上涨已在批发层面迅速体现。美国劳工部周四公布的数据显示，8月份生产者价格指数（PPI）中，商品价格上涨有超过三分之一直接归因于柴油成本激增，当月柴油价格单月上涨了24.1%。由于柴油在制造原料提取、工厂间物流及中间品转运各环节均属基础开支，上游生产端的成本抬升正在逐步积聚。

Surging diesel costs have already begun filtering directly into wholesale price metrics across the United States. Data released by the Department of Labor on Thursday revealed that more than a third of the August increase in producer goods prices was driven by escalating diesel fuel expenses, which jumped 24.1% in that single month alone. Because diesel powers the transport of basic industrial inputs, raw materials, and manufactured components, rising wholesale energy burdens are building up across intermediate production networks.

经济学家指出，企业此前在很大程度上尚未将暴涨的柴油开销全面转嫁给终端消费者，但若高成本持续，这一缓冲期将难以为继。凯投宏观（Capital Economics）资深北美经济学家托马斯·莱恩（Thomas Ryan）表示，家庭在今年剩余时间内必须承受更高的燃料成本冲击；毕马威（KPMG）首席经济学家戴安·斯旺克（Diane Swonk）亦预计，由于所有依赖运输的商品都将被加收额外费用，柴油高价将在未来数月持续构成通胀问题。

Economists observe that while businesses have largely postponed passing their higher diesel bills directly to retail customers, that pricing restraint is likely to erode if fuel costs remain elevated. Thomas Ryan, senior North American economist at Capital Economics, noted that American households will need to weather high diesel prices through at least the rest of the year. KPMG chief economist Diane Swonk similarly projected that diesel will remain an ongoing inflationary problem for months ahead as shipping fees are added to transported goods.