美国批准向沙特出售48架F-35战机 军售总额达243亿美元US Approves $24.3 Billion Sale of 48 F-35 Fighter Jets to Saudi Arabia

根据美国国务院发布的方案说明，沙特阿拉伯此次申请采购的内容包含48架常规起降型F-35隐形战斗机、49台普惠F135-PW-100发动机以及配套零部件与支援系统。该项总估值约243亿美元的军备提议已正式通报美国国会，目前美方尚未公布具体交付时间表。美国国务院表示，这项拟议军售将通过提升沙特这一主要非北约盟友的安全水平，来支持美国的外交政策与国家安全目标，并称利雅得是海湾地区政治稳定与经济发展的推动力量。

Under the terms outlined by the State Department, Saudi Arabia requested the purchase of 48 conventional takeoff and landing F-35 stealth fighter aircraft alongside 49 Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-100 engines, spare parts, and related support equipment. The proposed package, valued at an estimated $24.3 billion, has been formally submitted to Congress for legislative review, though the department has not specified a delivery timetable for the jets. The State Department stated that the transaction directly supports US foreign policy and national security objectives by enhancing the security of a major non-NATO ally that serves as a force for political stability and economic progress in the Gulf region.

美国国务院在声明中指出，这批战斗机将扩充沙特现役战机机队，提高其与美军部队的协同作战能力，并增强其空对空与空对地自卫手段。沙特驻华盛顿大使馆对该笔交易表示赞赏，称其体现了沙美两国关系的牢固与持久。沙特使馆在一份声明中补充表示，双边安全合作有助于维护地区稳定，增强了双方的集体防御能力，并推进了两国共同的安全利益。

The State Department added that the acquisition will augment Saudi Arabia's operational aircraft fleet, enhance interoperability with American forces, and bolster the kingdom's air-to-air and air-to-ground self-defense capabilities. The Saudi embassy in Washington welcomed the proposed sale, stating that it reflects the strength and enduring nature of the bilateral relationship. In its statement, the embassy noted that defense cooperation between Riyadh and Washington has contributed to regional stability, strengthened collective defense capabilities, and advanced shared security interests across the Middle East.

也门也门内战在经历多年停滞后于7月重新爆发，伊朗支持的胡塞武装宣布对沙特实施海上封锁，并持续针对红海航行的沙特船只发动攻击。近期，胡塞武装针对沙特石油设施和军事基地实施了密集的无人机与导弹打击，造成运营受阻，并引发了外界对全球石油供应与价格波动的担忧。此外，胡塞武装近期在红海沿岸快速推进并控制关键航运资产，还发起了控制曼德海峡的地面攻势，加剧了对该战略航运咽喉要道的控制威胁。

Fighting in Yemen's civil war reignited in July after years of relative dormancy, with Iran-backed Houthi forces declaring a maritime blockade against Saudi Arabia and launching targeted strikes on Saudi vessels in the Red Sea. In recent weeks, the Houthis have escalated drone and missile strikes against Saudi oil complexes and military bases, disrupting energy operations and raising concerns over global oil supply stability. Rebel forces also launched ground operations to assert control over the Bab al-Mandeb Strait and made rapid advances along key coastal shipping assets on the Red Sea.

面对胡塞武装的攻势，主导联军作战的沙特方面表态将坚决应对其敌对举动，沙特外交官此前亦寻求华盛顿在反击行动中的支持。也门军方消息人士透露，在胡塞武装迅速夺取沿海设施期间，也门将领曾呼吁沙特提供空中支援。虽然美国并未直接卷入也门冲突，但一名美国官员透露，美军一支军事特遣队正致力于加强对沙特军队的情报共享与规划协助，以帮助利雅得抵御来自胡塞武装及伊朗方向的安全威胁。

The Saudi-led coalition vowed to resolutely confront the Houthis' hostile actions, with Saudi diplomats seeking backing from Washington to repel the attacks. A senior Yemeni military source noted that Yemeni commanders had requested air support from Saudi Arabia during recent Houthi advances along maritime assets. While the United States has not directly entered the conflict, an American official stated that a US military task force is actively working to enhance intelligence sharing and operational planning assistance for Saudi forces confronting regional threats.

若此项交易最终落实并完成交付，沙特阿拉伯将成为继以色列之后，中东地区第二个装备并列装F-35隐形战斗机的国家。长期以来，沙特一直寻求采购洛克希德·马丁公司生产的这款战机，并曾在2025年初直接向美国总统唐纳德·特朗普提出采购诉求。然而，作为目前该地区唯一运营F-35战机的国家，以色列官员此前曾对利雅得采购该型战机表达关切，尽管美方一直在推动沙特与以色列实现双边关系正常化。

If production and deliveries are completed, Saudi Arabia will become only the second country in the Middle East alongside Israel to operate the advanced F-35 stealth combat aircraft. Riyadh has long sought to acquire the Lockheed Martin-built fighter, making a direct appeal for the jets in early 2025 to US President Donald Trump. However, officials from Israel—currently the only nation in the region operating the aircraft—have previously voiced concerns regarding the sale of F-35s to Riyadh, even as Washington has continued pushing for the kingdom to normalize diplomatic relations with Israel.

依据美国现行法律与政策规定，华盛顿必须确保以色列在中东维持“定性军事优势”，以保证其获得相比其他阿拉伯国家更为先进的美国武器系统。美国国务院就此重申，向沙特出售这批战机及相关支援设备不会改变该地区的军事平衡。美国此前仅允许最紧密的盟友采购F-35战机，包括以色列及部分欧洲北约盟国，而华盛顿在2019年曾因土耳其采购俄罗斯防空系统将其移出F-35项目。

Under longstanding US policy, Washington is legally mandated to ensure that Israel maintains a qualitative military edge, effectively guaranteeing that Israel receives more advanced American weaponry than regional Arab states. The State Department reaffirmed that the proposed sale of equipment and support will not alter the military balance across the Middle East. The United States has historically restricted F-35 sales to its closest partners, including Israel and selected European NATO allies, having removed NATO member Turkey from the program in 2019 over its acquisition of a Russian air defense system.

在国务院正式递交通知后，美国国会拥有30天的时间对这项243亿美元的军售案进行审查或采取行动尝试阻拦。部分国会议员已经对该笔交易表达了质疑与安全担忧。此前，美国国会在2018年沙特籍知名批评人士贾迈勒·卡舒吉遇害事件发生后，就曾对华盛顿向利雅得出售武器的交易提出过严厉质询与阻力。

Following the State Department's formal notification, the US Congress has a 30-day window to scrutinize the $24.3 billion proposed transaction or attempt to block it, with several lawmakers already raising objections. Capitol Hill has previously challenged defense sales to Riyadh, notably mounting bipartisan scrutiny following the 2018 killing of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent critic of the kingdom's leadership.

除了历史人权争议外，针对尖端军事技术潜在外泄的疑虑成为了国会审查的焦点。《纽约时报》本周报道指出，美国情报分析人士发出警告，认为北京方面可能借助其与利雅得的各领域合作关系，获取F-35战斗机的核心先进技术。众议院情报委员会民主党籍众议员拉贾·克里希纳莫蒂对此公开表达反对，强调美国绝不能在情报界发出明确警告之际推进该交易，以防美国先进军事技术落入中国共产党手中。

Beyond past legislative friction, modern national security and espionage concerns have taken center stage in the congressional debate over the stealth fighters. The New York Times reported that US intelligence analysts have raised the possibility that Beijing could access sensitive F-35 technology through its partnerships with Riyadh. Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi, an Illinois Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, formally opposed the transaction on those grounds, maintaining that Washington must not proceed with arms sales that could place advanced American military capabilities within reach of the Chinese Communist Party.