英国拟禁止进口西岸定居点商品及服务UK Set to Ban Trade with West Bank Israeli Settlements

就任外交大臣六周的埃德·米利班德在上周曾预告将重塑英国对以色列政策，他定于周二在下议院正式阐述对约旦河西岸定居点贸易的限制措施。工党议员听取的情况显示，此项制裁预计覆盖约旦河西岸定居点的商品及服务，其中可能包括农产品贸易。此前在7月，时任欧洲事务大臣、现任中东事务大臣的斯蒂芬·道蒂在向议会商业特别委员会作证时表示，英国现有的限制权力主要针对与定居者暴力行为相关的证据，无法覆盖定居点承包商等对象，需要进一步扩大权限。

Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband, six weeks into his role, flagged last week that he planned a comprehensive reset of Britain's policy on Israel and is set to outline the trade restrictions in the Commons on Tuesday. Labour MPs briefed on the plans understand the sanctions will target trade in goods and services involving illegal settlements in the West Bank, potentially including agricultural products. In July, Stephen Doughty—who was then Europe minister before being appointed Middle East minister—told the business select committee that existing UK powers were limited to evidence linked to settler violence rather than broader settlement contractors, indicating a need for broader regulatory tools.

一名政府内阁大臣向英国广播公司表示，米利班德的声明旨在彻底重塑英以关系的性质，并希望以此推动实现相关官员过去两年在中东议题上努力推进的目标。此外，米利班德已向民间社会团体表明，他决心重申对两国方案的支持、保护巴勒斯坦人权利并维护国际法，并预计在议会讲话中就加沙地带巴勒斯坦人面临的人道处境使用更为强硬的措辞。

A government minister told the BBC that Miliband's statement would represent a complete reset of the Israel-Palestine relationship, intended to achieve diplomatic objectives that officials have worked toward over the past two years. Miliband has also told civil society groups that he is determined to reassert support for a two-state solution while urging respect for international law, and he is expected to use firmer language before MPs regarding the humanitarian conditions experienced by Palestinians in Gaza.

英国就业与养老金大臣帕特·麦克法登在周二接受媒体采访时表示，英方采取限制措施的根本动机在于维护“两国方案”的可行性。麦克法登指出，英国与多个国家都不希望看到两国方案的前景因地面既成事实的改变而被抹去，而近几个月以色列定居点扩张活动的推进使得这一风险变得更加紧迫。他特别提到以色列的E1定居点计划，称该项目可能导致约旦河西岸北部与南部被实质性切断，从而分割巴勒斯坦人寻求建立独立国家的土地。

UK Work and Pensions Secretary Pat McFadden stated on Tuesday that the primary motivation behind the planned measures is to protect the viability of a two-state solution. Speaking in broadcast interviews, McFadden explained that Britain, alongside many other nations, does not want to see the prospects for a two-state framework erased by unilateral changes to facts on the ground, adding that the danger has become increasingly urgent due to expanded settlement activity in recent months. He specifically pointed to Israel's E1 settlement development plan, warning that it could effectively cut off the northern West Bank from the southern area and divide land designated for a future Palestinian state.

在阐明制裁动机的同时，麦克法登澄清以色列仍然是英国的重要贸易伙伴，并强调此项措施绝非旨在对所有以色列商品实施全面抵制。双边年度贸易额约为60亿英镑（约合81.2亿美元），分析显示定居点商品主要为农产品等新鲜果蔬及葡萄酒，禁令对整体贸易大局的影响预计有限，而英国官方目前尚未公布如何具体区分定居点产品与以色列本土产品的执行细节。

McFadden also clarified that Israel remains an important commercial partner for the United Kingdom, emphasizing that the incoming trade restrictions are not intended as a blanket boycott of all Israeli products. Annual bilateral trade between the two countries totals approximately £6 billion ($8.12 billion). Goods originating from settlements consist predominantly of agricultural items such as fresh produce and wine, meaning the direct economic impact on broader trade is likely to be minimal, though the UK has not yet detailed how customs authorities will differentiate settlement commodities from goods made within Israel.

在米利班德宣布制裁前夕，英国首相安迪·伯纳姆于周一晚间与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普进行了电话交谈。唐宁街10号发言人随后发布的官方通报显示，伯纳姆在通话中阐述了英国致力于实现中东和平与安全的承诺，并特别指出了落实“两国方案”的重要性。尽管英国官方公开的通话摘要未明确提及针对定居点的贸易制裁，但美国国务院方面表示华盛顿正在密切追踪英方的相关计划。

Ahead of the planned policy announcement by Ed Miliband, UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham held a phone conversation with US President Donald Trump on Monday night. According to a Downing Street readout of the discussion, Burnham outlined Britain's commitment to working towards peace and security in the region while stressing the importance of the two-state solution, which envisions an independent Palestinian state existing alongside Israel. While the official UK readout did not state whether Burnham briefed Trump directly on the trade sanctions, the US State Department indicated that Washington was tracking the UK plans closely.

除与美方高层通话外，伯纳姆在周一晚间的工党议会每周例会上向出席议员确认了米利班德即将发表政策声明的消息。据多位在场议员透露，伯纳姆还在会议上表示，他已在周一下午通过电话向多位国际领导人通报了相关计划。此前，西班牙、爱尔兰和荷兰等欧洲国家也已先后采取措施，禁止进口源自约旦河西岸定居点的商品，但部分禁令尚未完全生效。

Beyond his communication with Washington, Burnham confirmed to Labour MPs during their weekly parliamentary meeting on Monday night that Miliband would deliver the Commons statement. According to MPs present, the prime minister also informed the meeting that he had briefed international leaders regarding the planned measures during phone calls on Monday afternoon. The diplomatic moves follow similar actions by European countries including Spain, Ireland, and the Netherlands, which have each moved to prohibit imports of goods originating in West Bank settlements, though not all bans have formally taken effect.

针对英国即将出台的定居点贸易限制，美国与以色列方面作出了强烈反应。美国驻以色列大使迈克·哈卡比在接受英国广播公司广播四台《今日》节目采访时明确表示，作为以色列最坚定的盟友，美国将“毫无疑问”对英国的制裁措施作出回应。哈卡比警告称，美方的潜在反制举措不仅可能来自联邦层面，也可能由各州主导实施，这将对在美多个州开展业务的英国企业造成巨大经济冲击。他特别指出，佛罗里达州等大型州拥有相关法律规定，一旦英国采取此类行动，英国人将无法与该州的任何企业或公司开展业务往来。

The anticipated trade restrictions provoked fierce pushback from officials in both the United States and Israel. Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee stated that the United States would respond to the expected sanctions without a doubt. Huckabee warned of a substantial economic toll on British businesses operating in the United States, pointing out that retaliatory measures could emerge from both the federal government and individual states. He cited Florida as an example of a major state with existing legislation under which British commercial entities would be barred from doing business with companies in the state if London proceeds with the trade ban.

在以色列国内，该项贸易限制计划同样引发了强烈的政治愤怒。以色列财政部长比撒列·斯莫特里奇公开呼吁驱逐英国驻以色列大使，以色列政府此前也曾警告若有新限制措施出台将进行报复。尽管以色列总理办公室和外交部未立即回应媒体置评请求，但以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡正面临定于10月27日举行的议会选举，民调显示其执政联盟可能失去议席并无法获得多数席位。此外，虽然联合国机构及大多数国家认定西岸定居点违反国际法，以色列方面仍坚持该领土属于争议地区而非被占领土，并坚称犹太人对该土地拥有历史主权。

Within Israel, the proposed ban drew sharp political condemnation, with Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich calling for the expulsion of the British ambassador to Israel. The Israeli government had previously warned of retaliation against new trade curbs. While the Israeli prime minister's office and foreign ministry did not immediately provide comment, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is confronting an upcoming election scheduled for October 27, where opinion polling suggests his ruling coalition could lose seats and fall short of a majority. Although United Nations bodies and most nations deem West Bank settlements illegal under international law, Israel maintains that the territory is disputed rather than occupied and asserts historical claims to the land.