特习会倒计时一周：后勤筹备与芬太尼施压交织Trump and Xi Face Unresolved Logistics and Fentanyl Pressure Ahead of Summit

知情官员与筹备人士表示，美方内部跨部门在峰会简报与谈话要点上的沟通尚未完成，部分原因在于美国政府内部不同部门之间存在相互竞争的政策诉求。在过去四周内，中国外交部及中央政治局的高层官员私下向美方表达了担忧，指出美方直到临近峰会最后几天仍在调整议程、安保以及礼宾细节。

Interagency communications within the U.S. government to prepare briefing materials and talking points for President Donald Trump have not been completed, driven in part by competing agendas among different federal agencies, according to current and former officials. Over the past four weeks, senior officials from China's Foreign Ministry and Politburo privately expressed concerns to U.S. counterparts regarding Washington's handling of summit planning, noting that security, agenda, and protocol arrangements were still being finalized days before the event.

由于美方坚持“完全对等”原则，即习近平获得的礼遇和活动安排不得超过特朗普今年5月访华时的待遇，中方团队取消了原定安排习近平在华盛顿一所大学发表演讲的早期提议，因为特朗普当时并未在中国的大学演讲。此外，白宫计划为国宴提供约100个席位，远少于2015年奥巴马时期为习近平举行的200人国宴规模，而中方曾提出希望获得超过半数席位以容纳随行人员。

Bilateral planning has also been strictly constrained by Washington's insistence on perfect reciprocity, ensuring that the programming and access provided to Chinese President Xi Jinping do not exceed what Trump received during his visit to Beijing in May. As a consequence of this framework, Chinese planners dropped an initial proposal for Xi to deliver a speech at a university in Washington, D.C., because Trump was not hosted for a campus address in China. Furthermore, the White House has arranged a state dinner with approximately 100 seats—down from the 200-guest banquet held during Xi's 2015 state visit under the Obama administration—while Beijing requested more than half the available seating.

在政策与经贸议题层面，企业界和行业专家呼吁美中两国在开发与应用人工智能方面建立安全护栏，这一议题成为峰会前最受关注的重点诉求之一。为了吸引中国投资，白宫方面此前鼓励中方携带企业家和高管随同出访。然而知情人士指出，中方代表团一直未能在国宴席位等细节确定前敲定具体的企业名单。

On policy and economic matters ahead of the meeting, corporate leaders and industry experts have urged the United States and China to establish guardrails on the development and use of artificial intelligence. Hoping to court Chinese investment, the White House actively encouraged Beijing to bring entrepreneurs and corporate executives on the trip. However, uncertainty regarding logistical arrangements and state dinner capacity has delayed Chinese planning.

知情人士进一步透露，除后勤规划存在不确定性外，习近平在出访时通常也没有由商界领袖陪同的惯例，这使得随行人员的安排更加迟滞。针对中方随行商界名单的进展，一名美国高级官员则在背景吹风中表示，美方并不知晓有任何企业高管将作为中方代表团的一部分赴美参会。

People familiar with Chinese diplomatic planning noted that beyond logistical uncertainties, President Xi Jinping does not customarily travel abroad accompanied by business executives, further contributing to the unfinalized delegation roster. Addressing whether corporate figures would participate in the visit, a senior U.S. official speaking on background stated that they were unaware of any business executives traveling as part of the Chinese delegation.

在向美国国会提交的2027财年主要毒品来源国或主要毒品过境国年度总统认定报告中，白宫再次将中国指定为用于非法生产芬太尼、甲基苯丙胺及其他致命合成毒品的前体化学品全球最大生产国。这份依据美国法律于9月中旬前提交的清单共列入了包括中国、印度、墨西哥和巴拿马在内的23个国家，名单构成与上一年度保持一致。中国自1992年首次被列入该名单，后于2005年起被移除，并在2023年因前体化学品定义扩大而被重新列入。

In his annual presidential determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries submitted to Congress for the 2027 fiscal year beginning October 1, President Donald Trump designated China as the world's largest producer of precursor chemicals used to illicitly manufacture fentanyl, methamphetamine, and other synthetic drugs. Required by U.S. law to be delivered by mid-September each year, the latest Majors List designated 23 countries—including China, India, Mexico, and Panama—leaving the total roster unchanged from the prior year. China was first placed on the statutory list in 1992, removed for a period beginning in 2005, and relisted in 2023 under expanded definitions for chemical precursors.

特朗普在随清单附带的总统认定备忘录中向国会表示，他已就芬太尼前体出口问题与中国最高领导人进行了直接沟通。特朗普承认中国政府去年应美方要求实施了新规，要求企业在向北美出口特定前体化学品前必须取得许可证，但指出不法分子仍在利用未列管的前体化学品规避监管。为此，他敦促中国按照美方提出的清单将更多化学品列入管制目录，以配合打击向毒贩供应前体原料的跨境犯罪。

In the determination accompanying the statutory designation, Trump told lawmakers that he had raised the issue of chemical exports directly with his Chinese counterpart. Trump acknowledged that Beijing implemented licensing requirements last year for companies exporting designated precursors to North America at his request, but stated that illicit actors continue to bypass these controls using unregulated substances. Consequently, he called on the Chinese government to take more aggressive action by scheduling additional chemical precursors requested by the United States to assist in prosecuting suppliers who provide materials to drug traffickers.

在政策施压的同时，两国执法部门近期公布了联合禁毒成果。中国公安部上周宣布，已与美国联邦调查局联合侦破一起非法制造与走私合成大麻素前体的跨国案件，称该案展示了两国禁毒执法合作机制的高效运转。美国德克萨斯州东区联邦检察官办公室在9月9日的声明中指出，今年1月成立的FBI与公安部禁毒联合工作组开展协同行动，成功瓦解了该跨国犯罪网络。

Alongside diplomatic pressure, law enforcement authorities in both countries publicised concrete counternarcotics results ahead of the meeting. China's Ministry of Public Security announced last week that it had jointly investigated a transnational case involving the illicit manufacturing and trafficking of synthetic cannabinoid precursors with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. According to a September 9 statement from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Texas, the joint FBI-Ministry of Public Security counternarcotics working group, established in January, successfully coordinated efforts to dismantle the international criminal network.

双边高层执法互动也在持续推进。今年7月，美国联邦调查局局长卡什·帕特尔前往北京与中国公安部部长王小洪举行会晤，重点磋商应对芬太尼前体问题。早在特朗普今年5月访华前夕，双方亦曾公布联手破获跨国贩毒网络的合作案例。美方官方文件明确说明，一国被列入主要毒品来源国名单并不必然反映其现行禁毒举措或与美协作水平，而是由地理、商业及经济等多重因素共同决定。前助理国防部长薛瑞福表示，中方对峰会展现出积极态度，视其为管理对美关系的途径。

High-level operational engagements have reinforced this bilateral channel. In July, FBI Director Kash Patel traveled to Beijing to confer with Chinese Public Security Minister Wang Xiaohong on measures targeting fentanyl precursors, following a similar joint announcement dismantling a drug trafficking ring prior to Trump's May visit to Beijing. U.S. documents state that inclusion on the Majors List is not necessarily a reflection of a government's counternarcotics efforts or coordination with Washington, but rather stems from geographical, commercial, and economic factors. Randall Shriver, chair of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, observed that Chinese officials remain enthusiastic about the summit as an instrument to manage bilateral relations.