德克萨斯州批准公立学校必读书单 首次纳入圣经篇章Texas Approves Required Public School Reading List Containing Bible Passages

德克萨斯州教育委员会于2026年6月26日通过了这项决议。在由共和党控制的教育委员会中，最终投票结果为9票赞成、5票反对。其中，有一名共和党籍委员选择与民主党籍委员一同投下反对票，另有一名委员缺席且未参与投票。教育界观察人士指出，这似乎是美国首个此类全州范围内的公立学校必读书单。

The Republican-controlled Texas State Board of Education finalized the decision on Friday, June 26, 2026, following a 9-5 vote. Notably, one Republican board member broke ranks to join Democrats in voting against the measure, while another member was absent and did not cast a vote. Education observers noted that this decision appears to represent the first statewide required reading list of its kind in the United States.

在投票通过后，该教育委员会的共和党籍成员布兰登·霍尔表示，这是60年来首次将《圣经》重新带回学校。尽管该决定在支持者与批评者之间引发了关于政教分离的激烈辩论，但委员会最终仍确立了这一政策，新书单将全面适用于该州超过500万名公立学校学生，并定于2030年正式生效。

Following the vote, Brandon Hall, a Republican member of the board of education, expressed support for the measure, stating that the decision brings the Bible back into schools for the first time in 60 years. Although the policy has sparked intense debate regarding the separation of church and state, the approved reading list is set to take effect in 2030, directly impacting more than 5 million public school students across the state of Texas.

根据德克萨斯州教育委员会批准的最新方案，这份适用于全州公立学校的必读书单在结构上融合了宗教经典与经典文学作品。在《圣经》内容方面，学生将被要求阅读《旧约》中的经典篇章，其中包括关于亚当与夏娃的故事，以及《出埃及记》中上帝通过燃烧的荆棘向摩西说话的记载。此外，该书单还纳入了《新约》的选段，使圣经叙事成为课程的重要组成部分。

According to the approved plan, the newly mandated reading list for Texas public schools combines religious texts with classic literary works. The biblical portion of the curriculum requires students to study passages from the Old Testament, including the story of Adam and Eve and the account from the book of Exodus where God speaks to Moses through a burning bush. Additionally, the mandated curriculum incorporates selected passages from the New Testament as part of the required reading.

除了宗教文献外，该必读书单还涵盖了西方传统文学经典。其中包括英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯的作品，如其代表作《远大情程》，以及威廉·莎士比亚的经典剧作。通过将这些文学巨著与圣经篇章并列，该课程方案旨在将宗教历史叙事与传统文学教育相结合，从而构成了这一引发广泛争议的全新教学大纲。

Alongside these biblical texts, the state-mandated list features prominent works of classical literature. Students will be required to study the writings of celebrated English author Charles Dickens, specifically including his novel "Great Expectations," as well as the works of William Shakespeare. By placing these literary masterpieces alongside biblical narratives, the curriculum integrates religious history with traditional literary education, forming the core of the controversial new academic requirements.

德克萨斯州教育委员会通过该决议前，双方展开了激烈的辩论。批评者指出，将《圣经》篇章列为公立学校的必读内容，不仅侵犯了学生的宗教自由，而且使课程设置缺乏多样性。他们强调，此类强制性决定违反了美国宪法中的“确立条款”，该条款长期以来被法院解读为实行政教分离的法律依据。反对者认为，公立学校不应被用作推广特定宗教信仰的平台。

The decision by the Texas State Board of Education followed intense debate between supporters and critics of the new curriculum. Opponents of the mandate argue that requiring public school students to read Bible passages infringes on individual religious freedoms and results in a curriculum that lacks diversity. Furthermore, critics contend that these educational mandates are directly at odds with the "establishment clause" of the U.S. Constitution, which has long been interpreted by federal courts as maintaining a strict separation of church and state.

与此相反，支持者和保守派官员则极力为该政策辩护。他们认为，这些教学调整并非强加宗教信仰，而是将具有重要历史意义的犹太-基督教基本教义重新带回学校教育体系中。支持者强调，这些圣经篇章在历史和文化上都具有不可忽视的奠基性作用，将其纳入必读书单有助于学生理解西方文明的历史脉络，从而恢复学校系统应有的传统教学基石。

Conversely, supporters and conservative officials defend the measure as a necessary restoration of historically significant teachings. They argue that the new reading requirements do not impose religious beliefs, but rather restore basic Judeo-Christian teachings to the public school system. Proponents emphasize that these biblical texts carry profound historical significance, and incorporating them alongside classic literature helps students understand the foundational cultural elements that shaped the historical development of the education system.

此次通过必读书单的决议，是德克萨斯州保守派官员近年来致力于将保守主义与宗教理念融入公共教育系统的最新尝试。在此之前，德克萨斯州已经出台了一项强制性规定，要求全州所有公立学校必须在教室内张贴《圣经》中的“十诫”。尽管该规定在全美范围内引发了关于政教分离的广泛法律争议，但联邦上诉法院在今年早些时候依然做出裁决，对德克萨斯州强制张贴十诫的决定予以了支持。

The approval of the mandated reading list represents the latest effort by conservative leaders in Texas to infuse the public education system with conservative and religious ideals. Prior to this decision, Texas had already mandated that the Bible's Ten Commandments be displayed in all public school classrooms. Despite ongoing controversy regarding the constitutional separation of church and state, a federal appeals court upheld the state's Ten Commandments mandate earlier this year.

德克萨斯州的这些举措并非孤立事件，而是全美范围内由共和党执政州推动的更大趋势的一部分。近年来，多个由共和党人领导的州都在积极寻求将基督教教学引入公立学校教育体系。这些州的保守派领导人试图通过此类政策，在公共教育中重新确立他们认为具有历史意义的传统价值。然而，这些尝试也持续面临着来自法律界和公众关于宪法确立条款的激烈质疑。

These educational policy shifts in Texas reflect a broader, nationwide trend among Republican-led states seeking to incorporate Christian teachings into public school systems. Conservative officials in various states have increasingly pushed for similar measures to restore traditional Judeo-Christian elements to classrooms. These coordinated efforts continue to draw significant legal challenges from critics who argue that such state-level mandates directly violate the establishment clause of the United States Constitution.