俄罗斯举行国家杜马选举 首次覆盖乌克兰四个俄占领区Russia Holds Parliamentary Elections Extending Vote into Occupied Ukrainian Territories
俄罗斯于9月18日至20日举行自2022年全面入侵乌克兰以来的首次国家杜马选举，并在顿涅茨克、卢甘斯克、赫尔松和扎波罗热四个俄占乌克兰地区设立投票站。俄罗斯官方统计显示这四个未被俄方完全控制的被占区域拥有超过350万名选民，当地与部分边境区域的投票自8月下旬即已提前展开。乌克兰政府谴责在被占领土上的投票为非法行为，并警告参与组织者将面临刑事责任；欧洲联盟亦声明绝不承认这些投票及其结果。在俄国内部，唯一反战的注册政党亚博卢党在选前被最高法院取消参选资格，参选政党被禁止讨论外交政策及对乌战事，执政党统一俄罗斯党预计将保持议会控制权。人权机构指控俄方在被占区域动用武装士兵强迫居民投票，克里姆林宫则通过推迟公共事业涨价和发放补贴力求维持高投票率，以确立其战时执政的合法性并评估民意走向。
Russia is holding its first State Duma parliamentary election since launching its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, extending three days of voting from Friday through Sunday across the country and into the occupied Ukrainian territories of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia. Russian authorities stated that more than 3.5 million voters reside in the four annexed regions, where balloting began in late August alongside some Russian border zones. Ukrainian officials denounced the balloting as illegal and warned organizers of criminal liability, while the European Union stated it will never recognize what it described as sham elections. Within Russia, the Supreme Court disqualified Yabloko, the sole registered anti-war political party, and strict legal restrictions prevent remaining parties from debating the war or criticizing foreign policy, clearing the way for President Vladimir Putin's United Russia party to retain its dominant legislative majority. Human rights monitors reported that Russian forces and election workers coerced residents in occupied areas to cast ballots under armed escort, while Moscow delayed utility price increases and distributed subsidies to secure voter turnout and reinforce its wartime political legitimacy.
01俄杜马选举覆盖被占乌克兰四地Duma Election Extends to Four Occupied Ukrainian Territories
在为期三天的投票日程中，俄罗斯在本土及乌克兰顿涅茨克、卢甘斯克、赫尔松和扎波罗热四个被占区域设立了投票站，这是俄方在2022年宣布吞并上述领土后首次将其纳入国家杜马代表选举。俄罗斯官方数据显示，这四个未被俄军完全控制的地区登记选民总数超过350万人。鉴于前线安全因素，当地以及部分靠近前线的俄罗斯边境地带自8月下旬即已提前启动提前投票程序，俄方派出的参战士兵同样在驻地参与了投票。
During the three-day voting period, Russia opened polling stations across the country as well as throughout the occupied Ukrainian territories of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia, marking the first time these areas have been incorporated into a State Duma parliamentary contest since Moscow claimed their annexation in September 2022. Russian authorities reported that more than 3.5 million eligible voters reside across the four regions, none of which are fully controlled by Russian forces. Citing security concerns, election officials initiated early voting across the occupied territories and in adjacent Russian border zones in late August, and Russian military personnel deployed along the front lines were also organized to cast ballots.
俄罗斯总统普京在选前公开讲话中强调了被占领区参与国家杜马选举的重要性，宣称当地居民在与俄罗斯“重新统一”后首次行使投票权，并将此描述为体现民意团结与支持前线军事行动的举措。与此同时，自2014年被俄罗斯控制的克里米亚半岛也继续设立了投票站。全俄共有超过1.1亿名合格选民参与角逐国家杜马的450个议席，俄罗斯官方试图通过扩大投票覆盖范围巩固其在乌克兰领土上的行政管理既成事实。
Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the public ahead of the election, describing the balloting in the annexed territories as a milestone where residents vote for parliament for the first time since their reunification with Russia to demonstrate political unity behind active soldiers. Voting was also conducted in Crimea, which Moscow annexed in 2014. More than 110 million eligible voters nationwide are voting for the 450 seats in the State Duma, with the Kremlin seeking to use the expanded territorial scope of the ballot to formalize administrative control over the occupied zones.
俄杜马选举纳入乌克兰占领区进程Timeline: Russian Vote Extends into Occupied Ukraine
梳理俄罗斯自发动全面入侵及宣布吞并乌克兰领土以来，逐步将占领区纳入国家杜马选举体系并压制反战势力的关键节点。
Traces how Russia expanded its parliamentary elections into occupied Ukrainian territories and suppressed domestic opposition following the 2022 invasion.
莫斯科向乌克兰发动全面军事进攻，战事随后持续数年并导致俄国内政治与言论环境大幅收紧。
Moscow launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, initiating a prolonged military campaign and tightening domestic political control.
俄罗斯声称将顿涅茨克、卢甘斯克、赫尔松和扎波罗热四地并入版图，尽管俄军并未完全控制这些区域，该吞并行动亦未获国际承认。
Russia claimed the annexation of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia, despite not fully controlling the territories and lacking international recognition.
俄最高法院以涉及美国版权法的技术理由，剥夺唯一呼吁停战的注册政党亚博卢党的参选资格，大批支持者在法院外集会抗议。
Russia's Supreme Court disqualified Yabloko, the sole registered party calling for an end to the war, on technical grounds involving American copyright law.
俄罗斯选举机构以安全原因为由，在顿涅茨克等四个被占领乌克兰地区以及部分俄边境区域，提前启动国家杜马选举的投票程序。
Russian election authorities initiated early parliamentary voting across the four occupied Ukrainian regions and adjacent border zones, citing security reasons.
俄罗斯开启为期三天的国家杜马投票，首次将乌克兰四个被占领区纳入选区，乌克兰政府与欧盟随即谴责此次非法“虚假选举”。
Russia opened three days of voting for the State Duma, incorporating the four occupied regions for the first time amid swift condemnation from Kyiv and the EU.
02乌克兰与欧盟的谴责及强迫投票指控Condemnation from Ukraine and the EU Amid Allegations of Coercion
针对俄罗斯在顿涅茨克、卢甘斯克、赫尔松和扎波罗热四个被占领区域组织投票，乌克兰当局发表声明谴责该选举完全非法，呼吁各国政府及国际组织拒绝承认选举过程及其产生的结果。乌克兰官方同时向本国公民发出明确警告，指出参与协助组织投票的个人将面临刑事责任追究。
Ukrainian authorities condemned the voting across the occupied territories of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia as completely illegal, urging foreign governments and international organizations to refuse recognition of both the process and its eventual results. Officials in Kyiv also issued formal warnings to local citizens, stating that assisting in organizing or conducting the Russian balloting carries direct criminal liability under Ukrainian law.
欧洲联盟委员会发言人克里斯蒂安·威冈德发表声明表示，在乌克兰被占领土开展投票公然违反了国际法，欧盟绝不会承认这些所谓的“虚假选举”或其统计结果。与此同时，由九个乌克兰人权组织组成的联盟联合呼吁被占区域居民远离投票站以保障人身安全，并指出俄方试图通过选举程序使占领与吞并既成事实化。
European Commission spokesperson Christian Wigand stated that organizing voting in Russian-held Ukrainian regions constitutes a blatant violation of international law, emphasizing that the European Union does not and will never recognize the holding of these sham elections or their reported outcomes. Concurrently, a coalition of nine Ukrainian human rights organizations urged residents in the occupied regions to avoid polling stations for their own physical safety, stating that Moscow is attempting to use the electoral framework to legitimize its territorial occupation and annexations.
顿巴斯SOS人权组织协调员维奥莱塔·阿特姆丘克指控，当地选举委员会成员在俄罗斯武装士兵和安全人员护送下挨家挨户敲门，强行要求居民参与投票。相关人权团体还反映，莫斯科任命的地方管理机构向当地公共部门雇员施压，威胁解雇未投票者，并将养老金及其他社会福利发放与选民投票登记直接挂钩。
Violeta Artemchuk, a coordinator with the human rights group Donbas SOS, reported that local election commission workers were moving house to house accompanied by armed Russian soldiers and security personnel to force residents to cast ballots. Rights monitors noted that Moscow-appointed administrative bodies also threatened public-sector workers with termination if they refused to participate, while making access to essential pensions and basic social welfare payments contingent upon voting.
欧洲联盟绝不承认、也永远不会承认在乌克兰被临时占领土上举行的这些所谓选举、虚假选举，或其结果。
The European Union does not, and will never recognize either the holding of these, so-called elections, sham elections, in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine or their results.
克里斯蒂安·威冈德（欧洲联盟委员会发言人）Christian Wigand, European Commission spokesperson
03俄国内反战声音被全面排挤与压制Exclusion and Suppression of Domestic Anti-War Opposition
在俄罗斯国内，唯一的反战注册政党亚博卢党在选前被俄最高法院取消了参选资格。莫斯科法院裁决称该党违反了涉及美国版权法的技术规定，党首尼古拉·雷巴科夫指责该司法决定剥夺了选民表达渴望和平意愿的权利。莫斯科独立政治分析人士亚历山大·基涅夫指出，当局利用“外国代理人”认定及系列法律手段，在各个政治派别中随时取消对战事持批评立场的候选人资格。
Inside Russia, the Supreme Court disqualified Yabloko, the sole registered political party calling for an end to the war in Ukraine, on technical grounds involving American copyright law. Yabloko leader Nikolay Rybakov criticized the judicial decision, stating that authorities removed the party from the race because it campaigned for peace and freedom. Moscow-based independent political analyst Alexander Kynev noted that the government has established a network of legal mechanisms, including foreign agent designations and disqualification rules, to bar critical candidates across the political spectrum from participating in elections.
反战流亡反对派在选举期间同样面临严格的司法限制。流亡活动人士尤利娅·纳瓦利纳娅继续推进其已故丈夫、反对派领导人阿列克谢·纳瓦利内的反战主张，但俄国内严格的反极端主义法规禁止提及纳瓦利内的名字或展示其肖像。获准参与杜马竞选的其他10个政党被严格禁止质疑对乌特别军事行动、批评政府或讨论外交政策，导致竞选辩论出现候选人缺席或仅照读安全文稿的情况。
Exiled anti-war opposition figures also faced strict domestic legal barriers throughout the campaign. Yulia Navalnaya continued the anti-war efforts of her late husband, opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who died in a remote prison more than two years ago, but Russian anti-extremism laws prohibit mentioning Navalny's name or displaying his image inside the country. The 10 other parties permitted on the parliamentary ballot operated under rigid constraints prohibiting criticism of the government, foreign policy, or the military campaign in Ukraine, resulting in televised election debates where candidates failed to attend or read strictly from approved talking points.
04战时投票对克里姆林宫的政治功能与民意考量Political Functions and Public Sentiment Behind the Kremlin's Wartime Vote
在物价持续攀升、燃油供给出现短缺、网络限制加剧以及选后可能开展新一轮军事动员的传言下，俄罗斯民意对战事的态度出现波动，此次议会投票被外界视为对普京延续军事行动的实际民意检验。为了保障投票率并缓解民众不满，俄政府在选前采取了系列安抚举措，包括向政治问题区域紧急调拨财政补贴、为部分公共部门人员及退休人员上调薪酬与福利，并将原定实施的全国公用事业收费大幅涨价方案推迟至选后执行。
Amid rising consumer prices, fuel shortages, internet restrictions, and persistent rumors of another mobilization drive following the vote, public sentiment regarding the prolonged military campaign has begun to shift, turning the parliamentary contest into a practical test of public support for continuing the war. To bolster voter participation and manage economic discontent ahead of the polls, Russian authorities deployed targeted financial measures, including disbursing urgent subsidies to politically sensitive regions, hastily indexing payments for select public-sector workers and pensioners, and postponing scheduled nationwide increases in housing and utility tariffs until after the voting concludes.
半岛电视台的分析指出，克里姆林宫将杜马选举视为战时维系政治合法性、维持政权与社会对话并获取体制内民意反馈的重要机制。对俄领导层而言，高投票率是证明公众政治参与度和抵御政治冷漠的凭证。各体制内反对党派的得票分布将成为当局调整国内治理重点的参考依据，例如左翼政党得票情况关联社会保障投入，右翼政党表现关联私营经济政策，而自由民主党的支持率则反映民族主义情绪走向。此外，杜马选举结果预计还将为俄联邦政府内阁及地方行政层级后续的人事更迭提供操作契机。
According to analysis by Al Jazeera, the Kremlin relies on the State Duma elections as an essential mechanism to reaffirm wartime political legitimacy, maintain dialogue with society, and gather systemic feedback that conventional polling cannot fully capture. Russian leadership views strong voter turnout as vital proof against widespread civic apathy. The electoral performance of permitted systemic opposition parties serves as a barometer for policy calibration, with left-wing gains signaling demand for expanded social welfare programs, right-wing support pointing toward economic structural reforms, and Liberal Democratic Party totals measuring nationalist sentiment. The election outcomes are also expected to pave the way for subsequent personnel changes across both the federal government and regional executive bodies.
