少数G20成员国拒绝美方过剩产能倡议G20 Members Reject US Stance on Excess Industrial Capacity

美国贸易代表办公室在周五的声明中指出，部长级声明草案获得了除少数成员国之外的绝大多数代表支持，但个别国家坚决反对建立旨在采取合作行动的路径。美方对此表示，担任G20轮值主席国的美国感到极为失望。美方的官方通报并未明确点名反对该声明的国家名单，但在前一个月于北卡罗来纳州举行的G20财长会议上，中国曾明确反对谴责非市场经济政策和导致出口过剩产能的类似声明。

The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative stated on Friday that the draft ministerial statement received backing from all but a handful of members, but a few firmly rejected establishing a pathway toward cooperative action on excess industrial capacity. The office stated that this outcome left the U.S. G20 presidency severely disappointed. While the official U.S. release did not specify which countries objected to the text, China opposed a comparable G20 statement denouncing non-market economic policies and forced labor at a finance leaders' meeting held a month earlier in North Carolina.

中国过剩工业产能及工业补贴政策是美方今年主导G20部长级会议的核心议题。北京方面此前多次驳斥其产业政策造成过剩产能的主张，指责西方国家利用这一议题为贸易保护主义措施寻找借口。与此同时，美国贸易代表办公室正在依据“301条款”对16个存在过剩工业产能迹象的贸易伙伴展开第二项关税调查，外界普遍预计该调查将在未来几个月内引发新的关税措施。

Industrial subsidies and excess capacity have served as focal themes across U.S.-led G20 ministerial gatherings throughout the year. Beijing has consistently rejected allegations that its domestic policies generate surplus production, arguing that Western governments raise the issue to justify protectionist actions. Alongside the diplomatic impasse, the USTR is conducting a second Section 301 investigation into 16 trading partners displaying signs of excess capacity, an inquiry widely anticipated to produce new tariffs in the coming months.

在密尔沃基举行的G20贸易部长会议期间，美国主导了一项旨在加强合作、清除供应链中强迫劳动制造产品的联合倡议。美国贸易代表办公室在会后通报中透露，该声明最终仅得到了墨西哥和阿根廷两个成员国的签署响应，绝大多数G20成员国并未加入支持行列。

During the G20 trade ministerial meeting in Milwaukee, the United States introduced a joint initiative calling for enhanced international cooperation to eliminate goods produced with forced labor from global supply chains. According to official disclosures released by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative on Friday, the U.S.-drafted statement secured signatures from only two members—Mexico and Argentina—leaving the vast majority of G20 economies outside the initiative.

多数G20经济体对该声明的抵触，发生在特朗普政府近期对外征收关税的行动之后。美国政府此前指控59个国家及欧盟未能充分执行强迫劳动禁令，并据此对来自这些国家和地区的商品加征了10%或12.5%的关税。这一前置贸易执法举措直接构成了各方在劳工标准联合倡议上出现明显分歧的现实背景。

The refusal by most G20 nations to sign the labor declaration comes directly after the Trump administration levied targeted tariffs of 10 percent or 12.5 percent on goods from 59 countries and the European Union. U.S. officials imposed those duties over allegations that the affected trading partners had failed to adequately enforce legal bans against forced labor, establishing the contentious backdrop against which the Milwaukee labor proposal was rejected.

虽然贸易部长们在工业产能与劳工标准议题上未能达成一致，但G20全体成员在反对将粮食贸易武器化方面形成了统一立场。根据各方通过的联合声明，成员国一致同意粮食及农业生产要素的贸易不得被用作实施经济或政治胁迫的手段。部长们在声明中将粮食武器化具体界定为采取“减缓、停止、阻断或引导粮食与农业生产要素流动”的措施，以此施加胁迫性压力并换取无关的地缘政治让步。

Despite sharp divisions over industrial capacity and labor standards, G20 trade ministers achieved full consensus on denouncing the weaponization of food trade. In their joint ministerial statement, member nations agreed that trade in food or agricultural inputs should not be used as an instrument for economic or political coercion. The trade ministers explicitly defined food weaponization as measures taken to slow, stop, block, or direct the flow of food and agricultural inputs to exert coercive pressure and extract unrelated geopolitical concessions.

联合声明指出，将粮食武器化的行径对全球构成了重大的人道主义与经济威胁。在农业生产成本与供应链问题备受关注的背景下，七国集团（G7）国家周五在面临美国总统唐纳德·特朗普施压及美方可能实施柴油出口禁令的警告后，同意协调释放约1亿桶柴油储备。这一联合行动旨在压低创下历史新高的美国柴油价格，而柴油正是全球农业生产活动中广泛使用的关键燃料。

The joint declaration stated that the weaponization of food presents a significant humanitarian and economic threat to the global community. Against the backdrop of high agricultural production costs, the Group of Seven countries agreed on Friday to release approximately 100 million barrels of diesel reserves. That G7 decision followed pressure from U.S. President Donald Trump, which included the threat of a U.S. diesel export ban, in an effort to drive down record-high diesel prices for a fuel widely utilized throughout agricultural production.

在密尔沃基会议期间，美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔提出了对世界贸易组织“最惠国待遇”（MFN）体制进行改革的议题。最惠国待遇体现为公开且无条件的全球关税税率，自第二次世界大战结束以来一直是多边贸易体系的基础支柱。格里尔在周四明确表示，美方并未就该议题寻求达成一份联合声明。

During the Milwaukee ministerial gathering, U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer raised the issue of reforming the World Trade Organization's Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariff system. The MFN framework, which consists of published, unconditional global tariff rates, has underpinned the international trading architecture since the end of World War II. Greer clarified on Thursday that the United States was not seeking a formal joint declaration on this discussion topic.

格里尔主张，诸如中国等推行产业补贴的非市场经济体滥用了最惠国待遇原则，而现行规则却不允许各方对这些国家区别对待。根据美国官方发表的声明，部分G20成员国表达了考虑调整最惠国待遇规则的意愿，探讨方向包括扩大该原则的例外条款适用范围，以及通过发布新的法律解释来促成对现有例外规定的更大范围运用。

Greer argued that the MFN principle has been abused by non-market-oriented economies such as China that subsidize domestic industries, pointing out that current global rules prevent trading partners from treating those economies differently. According to the U.S. official statement, several G20 members indicated an openness to evaluating modifications to MFN rules, with discussions centering on broadening exceptions to the principle and drafting new legal interpretations to facilitate greater reliance on existing exceptions.