欧盟对俄制裁延期受阻：法卢两国要求豁免两名俄富豪引发拉脱维亚异议EU Russia Sanctions Extension Stalls Over French and Luxembourg Bids to Exempt Tycoons

布鲁塞尔的外交磋商正面临严格的时间压力，欧盟对俄制裁机制定于周二晚间到期。为了防止涵盖近3000名个人与实体的黑名单失效，各国常驻代表在周一展开密集协调。谈判中，成员国曾围绕一项妥协方案达成初步意向：同意将法国与斯洛伐克提议的阿利舍尔·乌斯马诺夫以及卢森堡要求的米哈伊尔·弗里德曼从制裁名单中剔除，换取把现行每六个月续期一次的对俄整体制裁效期直接延长至三年，以锁定对俄制裁框架的长期效力。

Diplomats in Brussels faced severe time pressure ahead of a late Tuesday deadline, when the European Union's existing sanctions framework targeting Russia was set to expire. To prevent the blacklist covering almost 3,000 individuals and entities from lapsing, EU ambassadors held extensive deliberations on Monday. Member states had formulated a tentative compromise to remove Alisher Usmanov and Mikhail Fridman from the list in exchange for extending the remaining sanctions for three years, replacing the standard six-month rollover cycle to lock in longer-term durability.

这项初步妥协在最后批准阶段因拉脱维亚提出反对意见而搁置。一位外交官向法新社证实拉脱维亚在最后一刻提出了异议，导致全体成员国周一未能敲定最终协议。多位欧盟外交官表示，尽管在特定富豪的除名要求上存在分歧，各方普遍认同不能让整个对俄制裁制度失效。为打破僵局，各国大使定于格林尼治标准时间周二06:00重新召开会议，争取在制裁失效前完成最终协议的敲定。

The provisional agreement failed to secure final sign-off after Latvia raised an objection at the eleventh hour, a diplomat told AFP. This last-minute intervention blocked consensus on Monday, leaving the extension unconfirmed ahead of the expiration deadline. EU diplomats maintained that despite the standoff over specific tycoon exemptions, there is broad consensus among member states that the sanctions regime must not lapse. EU ambassadors scheduled a follow-up meeting for 06:00 GMT on Tuesday to resume negotiations and attempt to hammer out a final deal.

针对乌斯马诺夫的豁免提议由法国和斯洛伐克共同发起。法国政府官员在谈判中援引了未予公开的“国家安全”考量作为申请理由，但拒绝公开具体细节。《金融时报》报道称，巴黎方面的这一诉求可能与涉及在阿塞拜疆被扣押的法国公民换囚释放协议谈判存在关联。作为俄罗斯与乌兹别克斯坦双重国籍的金属业巨头，乌斯马诺夫自2022年起便被列入欧盟制裁名单。

The push to remove Usmanov from the blacklist was initiated by France and Slovakia. French officials cited undisclosed national security concerns to justify their request for the Russian-Uzbek metals tycoon, while publicly declining to offer further details. The Financial Times reported that the move by Paris may be tied to negotiations over a potential prisoner release agreement involving French nationals currently detained in Azerbaijan.

在法国提出豁免要求后，卢森堡迅速提出联动诉求，坚持认为若解除对乌斯马诺夫的制裁，也必须对米哈伊尔·弗里德曼予以同等待遇。外交官员透露，卢森堡面临着弗里德曼因欧盟制裁冻结其资产而发起的法律诉讼，索赔金额达150亿欧元（折合约170亿美元）。这两个创始成员国分别出于本国特定的安全考量与巨额诉讼风险推动个案豁免，直接改变了制裁续期的磋商格局。

Following Paris's proposal, Luxembourg moved swiftly to demand parity, insisting that if Usmanov is delisted, Mikhail Fridman must also receive an exemption. Diplomats said Luxembourg's intervention comes as Fridman pursues a €15 billion ($17 billion) lawsuit against the country for freezing his assets under EU sanctions. The bids by France and Luxembourg—driven respectively by classified security negotiations and substantial legal exposure—have introduced member-state-specific interests directly into the renewal process.

除名提议在欧盟内部引发了以波兰和波罗的海国家为代表的对俄强硬派成员国的强烈反对。这些国家主张对俄施压必须继续加强而非减弱。在此前的妥协谈判中，强硬派阵营之所以原则上同意个案豁免，条件正是将对其他近3000名个人和实体的制裁期限从原先的每六个月续期一次直接改为锁定三年，以确保长期制裁机制的执行稳定。

The proposals to grant exemptions met fierce resistance from more hawkish European Union member states, including Poland and the Baltic nations. These countries maintained that economic pressure on Moscow should be escalated rather than relaxed. In the earlier provisional bargaining, the hawkish bloc had agreed in principle to greenlight the two individual delistings only on the strict condition that all remaining sanctions covering nearly 3,000 individuals and entities would stay in place for the next three years, rather than continuing on the previous six-month renewal cycle.

乌克兰政府对欧盟考虑为两名俄罗斯商界核心人物解除制裁的动向表示强烈抗议。乌克兰外交部长安德烈·西比加在网络发文，明确抨击这一豁免举措不可接受，警告称在亟需加大对俄施压力度的时刻，取消制裁将向莫斯科传递完全错误的信号，并重申当前的对俄制裁应当得到进一步收紧而非削弱。

The prospective delisting of the two prominent Russian business figures drew an intensely critical reaction from the Ukrainian government. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andriy Sybiga condemned the move in an online post, stating that removing sanctions on the tycoons would be unacceptable and would deliver the wrong signal to Moscow at a time when collective pressure on Russia needs to increase. Sybiga reiterated that instead of granting relief, EU sanctions should be tightened.

欧盟外交主管卡亚·卡拉斯在纽约联合国大会期间召开的欧盟外长会议后向记者表示，制裁是欧盟应对俄罗斯战争、切断莫斯科资金来源的核心支柱。卡拉斯敦促各成员国迅速结束有关续期的磋商并尽快完成延期程序，同时指出欧盟需要建立长期的制裁稳定性。欧盟当前的制裁黑名单除商业巨头外，还涵盖了包括俄罗斯总统普京和外交部长拉夫罗夫在内的核心领导层人物。

Speaking to reporters in New York on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly following a meeting of European Union foreign affairs ministers, EU top diplomat Kaja Kallas stressed that sanctions remain a core pillar of the bloc's response to Russia's war by depriving Moscow of vital funding. Urging member states to swiftly finalize their deliberations on the rollover, Kallas underscored the necessity of establishing long-term stability with measures remaining in place over extended horizons. The EU's extensive sanctions blacklist encompasses top Kremlin leadership, including Russian President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov.

金属业富豪乌斯马诺夫与银行业巨头弗里德曼均是在2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后不久被列入欧盟制裁名单的，欧盟指控两人的企业为克里姆林宫提供了巨额财政收入。自被制裁以来，乌斯马诺夫和弗里德曼加入了数十名起诉欧盟以挑战制裁合法性的俄罗斯商界人士行列，这也使得围绕两人的除名提议在欧盟内部司法与外交层面上引发了持续的法律纠纷与博弈。

Metals tycoon Usmanov and banking magnate Fridman were originally placed on the sanctions list shortly after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, following EU allegations that their business operations generated substantial revenues for the Russian government. Since their initial blacklisting, both tycoons have joined dozens of Russian businessmen challenging the European Union's sanctions measures through ongoing litigation, embedding substantial legal friction into the bloc's diplomatic efforts to maintain its restrictive framework.