欧盟拟立法禁止13岁以下儿童使用社交媒体EU Proposes Ban on Social Media for Children Under 13

欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩在法国斯特拉斯堡发表年度演说时表示，欧盟正致力于推进全欧范围的监管框架，全面禁止13岁以下儿童使用社交媒体。该政策提案不仅涉及设立13岁的准入门槛，还明确将对年龄更大的未成年人群体使用数字技术及人工智能服务施加系统性限制措施。

During her annual address in Strasbourg, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen outlined the European Union's push to establish an EU-wide regulatory framework to ban social media access for children under the age of 13. In addition to setting a strict ban for under-13s, the proposed initiative includes broader regulatory measures designed to restrict how older minors access digital technology and artificial intelligence services.

这项全欧统一立法的推进正值全球收紧未成年人网络准入的趋势之中。在此之前，多个欧盟成员国已经各自针对青少年出台了社交媒体限制措施，而澳大利亚也在2025年12月成为全球首个立法禁止16岁以下未成年人使用社交媒体的国家。欧盟的新举措旨在建立跨成员国的统一规则。

The initiative to develop unified EU-wide rules follows individual legislative actions taken by several European member states to limit social media usage among teenagers. Globally, regulatory momentum has also expanded, with Australia becoming the first country to enact a ban on social media for children under 16 in December 2025. The European Commission's proposal seeks to replace disparate national approaches with consistent digital safeguards across the entire European bloc.

在具体准入规则方面，冯德莱恩在讲话中提出了明确的年龄梯队划分方案。除严格禁止13岁以下儿童使用社交媒体外，提议还设定了15岁以下人群不得开设独立个人账户的要求，从而限制未成年人过早获得不受监管的个人数字空间与自主社交权限。

Regarding specific access rules, von der Leyen outlined a detailed age-tiered regulatory framework during her address. Beyond the complete ban on social media access for children under the age of 13, the proposed European Union framework explicitly establishes that individuals under the age of 15 will not be permitted to hold independent personal accounts, preventing unsupervised personal profile management among young teenagers.

针对介于这两个年龄节点之间的13岁和14岁群体，拟议的监管框架设立了被称为“迷你账户”的过渡机制。该类账户必须在家长监督下运行，平台功能将受到严格限制，同时每日累计使用时长将被强制设定为上限1小时，以此约束未成年人的在线使用行为。

For the transitional demographic of 13- and 14-year-olds, the proposed rules introduce a specialized framework consisting of restricted mini accounts. These accounts will require mandatory parental supervision and feature limited platform functionality, alongside an enforced maximum usage ceiling capped at strictly one hour per day to limit excessive digital exposure among young adolescents.

作为推行这一整套未成年人保护限制措施的立法支柱，欧盟委员会定于周四正式提交名为《儿童法案》的全新立法提案。该法案的核心在于对现有互联网监管逻辑进行重大调整，推行举证责任倒置原则。在此机制下，社交媒体公司必须自行承担合规与证明责任，主动拿出确凿证据证明自身产品和服务对未成年人是安全无害的，而非由监管机构或用户去举证其存在危害。

To establish the legislative backbone for the proposed restrictions, the European Commission is scheduled to formally unveil a new piece of legislation known as the Kids Act on Thursday. The central mechanism of the planned act involves reversing the legal burden of proof for digital platforms. Under this regulatory shift, social media companies will be required to actively prove that their products and digital services are safe for minors, shifting the primary compliance duty onto technology firms rather than requiring regulators or consumers to demonstrate online harm.

面对大型科技公司在数字领域的广泛影响力，冯德莱恩在发言中明确展现了欧盟的监管主权立场。她表示自己知晓许多人认为大型科技公司的力量过于强大且不可逆转，但她对此并不认同。冯德莱恩强调欧洲拥有采取行动的能力，数字空间的规则制定权理应属于欧洲自身，绝不能交由大型科技公司来主导和决定。

Addressing the entrenched market dominance of multinational tech companies, von der Leyen used her address to assert Europe's sovereign regulatory authority over the digital sector. She stated that while many perceive the power of Big Tech as overwhelming and impossible to roll back, she disagreed with that view. Emphasizing that Europe holds the power to act, von der Leyen declared that the European Union itself will determine the operational rules governing digital services rather than permitting Big Tech to dictate them.