印尼十年最强林火致死伤引跨界雾霾 新加坡拟法律追责Deadly Indonesia Forest Fires Spread Haze as Singapore Warns of Legal Action

印尼林业部通报，东爪哇省布罗莫·滕格尔·塞梅鲁国家公园在周四扑救林火时，多名灭火人员被大火围困，最终造成4人死亡、2人严重烧伤并接受救治。林业部对参与一线扑火的人员、志愿者和居民表示深切哀悼与敬意，并指出林火扑救属于高危作业，现场必须严格监控火势扩散和风向变化，同时预留撤离通道并做好动态风险评估。

Indonesia's Forestry Ministry stated that fire crews were caught in flames on Thursday while battling a wildfire in East Java's Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, resulting in four fatalities and leaving two others receiving medical treatment for severe burns. The ministry expressed deep condolences while honoring the courage of officers, volunteers, and local residents on the fire lines. Officials emphasized that extinguishing forest blazes is an inherently high-risk operation requiring strict adherence to safety protocols, including tracking wind shifts and fire spread, keeping evacuation corridors open, and conducting continuous risk assessments throughout firefighting maneuvers.

卫星监测显示，印尼全境的高置信度火灾热点在周四夜间单日激增427个，总数达799个，邻近新加坡与马来西亚的苏门答腊岛和加里曼丹岛受创最重。林业部特别提示热点数量并不直接等同于起火点总数，单个火场可能同时生成多个热点。浓烟导致印尼国内公共卫生形势急剧恶化，卫生部统计的林火相关呼吸道感染病例已逼近28万例，其中5岁以下幼儿占比超过6万人。

Nationwide satellite monitoring recorded 799 high-confidence hotspots as of Thursday night, marking a sharp one-day increase of 427, with Sumatra and Kalimantan on Borneo sustaining the most severe activity. The Forestry Ministry noted that satellite hotspots do not correspond directly to individual blazes, as a single large fire can trigger several detection points. The acrid smoke has severely compromised public health across the archipelago, where the health ministry registered nearly 280,000 respiratory infection cases linked to the fires, with children under five accounting for over 60,000 cases.

面对持续弥漫的跨界浓烟，新加坡总理黄循财周四晚间公开表示，政府正展开调查，确认哪些企业需要对印尼的森林和泥炭地火灾承担责任。黄循财强调，在必要时，当局可依据新加坡《跨境烟霾污染法》采取法律行动起诉相关责任方，同时正在探索与其他受影响国家展开联合行动的方案。新加坡政府内部也已提前数周统筹应对措施，并向有需要的弱势群体分发防护口罩。

Singapore Prime Minister Lawrence Wong announced on Thursday night that authorities are investigating which corporate entities may bear responsibility for the peatland and forest blazes in Indonesia. Wong warned that Singapore could initiate legal proceedings under its Transboundary Haze Pollution Act where warranted, while exploring potential joint actions with other regional governments affected by the drifting smoke. Singaporean authorities had begun operational preparations weeks earlier, coordinating logistics to distribute protective masks to vulnerable residents in need.

尽管新加坡本土并无大面积种植园或森林，但多家在印尼拥有特许经营权的企业将总部或分支机构设立在新加坡。绿色和平组织本月发布的调查报告指出，部分总部设在新加坡和马来西亚的企业与印尼境内的刀耕火种清地行为存在关联。不过，跨国法律追责在实践中困难重重，观察人士指出，过去数年间在地方和国际层面针对加剧跨界烟霾的企业提起法律诉讼的多次尝试均未成功，面临复杂的外交管辖壁垒。

Although Singapore possesses no domestic agricultural plantations or extensive forests, several firms operating concession lands across Indonesia maintain bases in the city-state. A Greenpeace report released this month identified companies headquartered in Singapore and Malaysia that it linked to land-clearing burning practices in Indonesia. However, historical efforts to hold errant commercial players accountable have faced formidable legal and diplomatic hurdles, with multiple past attempts to prosecute transboundary haze offenders failing both in domestic courts and in international forums.

持续的跨界烟霾直接扰乱了区域城市的日常商业与交通运行。新加坡民航局与樟宜机场集团在联合答复中披露，由于能见度过低，实里达机场已记录到16起航班备降事件。随着空气污染恶化，新加坡小贩中心及露天餐厅等户外餐饮客流下降。滨海湾金沙酒店发言人表示，酒店已暂时中止部分需要长时间暴露在户外的体验项目，并为住客配备口罩与空气净化器。网约车及外卖平台Grab也向平台从业人员发放了口罩并发布防护指引；与此同时，海峡对岸的马来西亚因空气污染指数多日超标，多个州的学校已被迫停课至周五。

The drifting haze has disrupted daily commerce and transport across regional urban hubs. In a joint media reply, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and Changi Airport Group confirmed that low visibility has caused 16 flight diversions at Seletar Airport. Escalating air pollution has dampened foot traffic at outdoor dining establishments, including hawker centers and alfresco restaurants. A spokesperson for Marina Bay Sands said the hotel temporarily suspended certain outdoor experiences involving extended open-air exposure, while supplying protective masks and air purifiers to guests. Ride-hailing and delivery platform Grab distributed masks and safety advisories to workers. Across the causeway, schools in several Malaysian states were closed through Friday after air pollutant readings reached unhealthy thresholds.

在新加坡国内，课室防霾与硬件设施引发了家长和政界的现实分歧。反对党工人党议员严燕松呼吁在所有课室加装空调作为应急选项，指出空气净化器在门窗敞开时效果受限，而封闭未开空调的教室会加剧闷热。教育部门对此回应称，现行预案依靠封闭空间与空气净化器维持教学，生病学生才会被转移至空调房，且此前官方评估偏向依靠自然通风和防热降温设计以兼顾能耗与长期适应。部分家长期望参照香港公立学校全面配备空调的做法，但也有家长对高昂的维护成本以及短期烟霾是否应引发全面设施改造提出不同看法。

Within Singapore, haze countermeasures inside open-air schools have sparked debate between officials, lawmakers, and parents. Opposition Workers' Party lawmaker Kenneth Tiong renewed calls to install air-conditioning in classrooms as an optional safeguard, arguing that air purifiers require closed windows to operate effectively, which rapidly traps heat. The Ministry of Education reiterated that its haze response relies on operating air purifiers in enclosed rooms while moving unwell students into air-conditioned spaces, referencing prior government policies that prioritize natural ventilation and passive cooling over energy-intensive retrofits. While some parents advocated following Hong Kong's standard of air-conditioned classrooms, others questioned the financial viability and necessity of permanent overhauls for seasonal haze episodes.

针对持续延烧的林火危机，东盟邻国正推动跨国扑救协同。马来西亚第二财政部长阿米尔·韩查表示雾霾属于需要东盟共同协作解决的课题，马方已提出派出水弹轰炸机与人员参与灭火，新加坡也表态随时提供协助。印尼外长阿尔马纳塔·纳西尔向媒体证实，印尼总统普拉博沃·苏比安托已批准接受邻国援助。此前，印尼官员曾在周初声称国内仍有能力自主扑救，而印尼政府通信机构负责人夏甘达·南戈兰针对外部批评公开发表“邻国氧气同样来自印尼森林”的言论，在社交平台引发广泛争论与外交摩擦。

Regional neighbors are seeking coordinated intervention as fires persist across the archipelago. Malaysia's Second Finance Minister Amir Hamzah Azizan called the transboundary haze an issue requiring an ASEAN solution, confirming Malaysia's offer to deploy water bombers and firefighting assets, while Singapore maintained readiness to provide operational support. Indonesian Foreign Minister Arrmanatha Nasir confirmed that President Prabowo Subianto approved accepting assistance from neighboring countries. The move followed days of diplomatic friction: an Indonesian official had asserted earlier in the week that Jakarta remained capable of managing the blazes alone, while Indonesian government communication agency head Syahganda Nainggolan stirred controversy by countering criticism with remarks that oxygen in Singapore and Malaysia originates from Indonesian forests.

在印尼国内，雅加达政府正承受来自民间团体与学生群体的持续施压，要求其宣布国家灾难紧急状态。大赦国际印尼分会活动专员米歇尔·迪奥尼休斯批评称，烟霾已持续数月并波及数以百万计的人口，继续坚称火情可控显得脱离实际。苏门答腊与加里曼丹多地爆发学生抗议集会，要求当局追责并采取实质行动。人权团体与政界人士指出，正式宣布国家灾难紧急状态能够直接解锁中央救灾专项资金，并为数以万计遭受呼吸道疾病困扰的受灾民众承担医疗费用。

Domestically, Indonesian authorities face mounting pressure from rights groups, politicians, and student organizers demanding a formal declaration of a national disaster emergency. Michelle Dyonisius, a campaigner at Amnesty International Indonesia, criticized official reluctance to recognize the crisis's true magnitude, noting that the fires have persisted for months and impacted millions across borders. Student demonstrations have spread across Sumatra and Kalimantan demanding governmental accountability and relief for affected populations. Civil society groups emphasized that declaring a national disaster would legally unlock emergency public funding and provide direct financial support for medical expenses incurred by thousands suffering from respiratory illnesses.