三大媒体联合起诉特朗普政府撤销白宫记者证违宪CNN, MS NOW, and Politico Sue Trump Administration Over White House Press Ban

在提交给华盛顿特区联邦地区法院的民事起诉书中，CNN、MS NOW和Politico以及三位出镜记者共同列为原告，指控总统唐纳德·特朗普、白宫幕僚长苏珊·怀尔斯、白宫通讯助理史蒂文·张与特勤局局长肖恩·库兰实施违法封锁。原告方主张，宪法保护新闻机构及其驻白宫记者就采访通行证享有的自由与财产权益，行政官员无权在未作事先通知、缺乏明确标准或正当救济渠道的情况下，仅凭个人意愿剥夺此类采访资质。

In their civil complaint submitted to the U.S. District Court in Washington, CNN, MS NOW, and Politico—joined by three named White House correspondents—formally sued President Donald Trump, Chief of Staff Susan Wiles, Communications Assistant Steven Cheung, and Secret Service Director Sean Curran. The filing asserts that the U.S. Constitution protects the liberty and property interests news organizations hold in their press credentials and the access those credentials afford to cover the presidency for the public, arguing that no official may strip reporters of those rights arbitrarily without notice, process, or established standards.

起诉书详细列出了两项宪法核心主张：第一，白宫因不满报道内容而实施惩罚，属于对受保护的新闻采集与言论自由的报复，构成非公开场所中基于立场的违法观点歧视；第二，行政部门在未设立明确决策依据且未提供抗辩机会的前提下吊销记者证，违反了宪法正当程序条款。原告方要求联邦法官迅速签发临时限制令，禁止被告继续执行禁令，并责令其立即恢复相关记者的长期白宫通行证。

The lawsuit outlines two core constitutional violations: unlawful retaliation against protected newsgathering and speech through viewpoint discrimination in a nonpublic forum, and a breach of the Due Process Clause for failing to provide advance notice or an opportunity to challenge the revocation. The media organizations asked the federal judge for an emergency temporary restraining order that would halt enforcement of the ban and order the immediate reinstatement of their hard pass press credentials.

禁令始于上周五特朗普在Truth Social上发表的公开言论。特朗普指责CNN、MS NOW和Politico三家媒体撰写关于他的虚构与谎言报道，抱怨此类累积负面报道令人厌烦，并声称后续可能将更多假新闻媒体列入黑名单。特朗普同时公开表示，若媒体执意撰写负面报道，白宫没有义务允许其记者进入人民的房屋。

The access dispute originated on Friday when Donald Trump published a statement on Truth Social accusing CNN, MS NOW, and Politico of publishing lies and fabricated stories about his administration. Trump cited what he characterized as cumulative negative stories, stating that he had grown tired of them and warning that other media organizations could soon be added to the exclusion list. He asserted that while outlets were free to publish negative stories, he was under no obligation to permit them inside the White House.

言论发表后，行政部门随即注销了相关机构记者的入园权限。周六上午，MS NOW记者Akayla Gardner、CNN记者Betsy Klein与Politico记者Cheyenne Haslett分别前往白宫园区履行日常报道职责，但在入口处遭到特勤局人员阻拦，其长期通行证被当场没收。除记者无法进入白宫内部工作区外，CNN与MS NOW设在白宫园区内的电视转播设备和摄像机位使用权也遭到全面封锁。

Following the announcement, press passes granting reporters access to the grounds were deactivated. On Saturday morning, MS NOW reporter Akayla Gardner, CNN reporter Betsy Klein, and Politico reporter Cheyenne Haslett attempted to enter the White House to cover the news but were turned away by Secret Service officers who confiscated their hard passes. The restriction barred the journalists from accessing their physical workspaces inside the complex and blocked CNN and MS NOW from utilizing their television broadcast equipment and camera locations on the grounds.

除吊销记者证件外，白宫在周日晚间发送的每日媒体日程安排中，正式取消了CNN原定于周一担任的白宫记者团主要电视轮值报道组（TV pool）职务。按照既定轮换安排，CNN原计划派员陪同特朗普前往纽约出席联合国大会，但白宫当晚发出的日程邮件中未列出任何主要电视轮值网络，仅将地方电视台所有方赫斯特（Hearst）列为华盛顿特区的“次级”电视报道组，并将亲特朗普的“真实美洲之声”（Real America's Voice）列为纽约之行的次级报道组。

In addition to revoking individual credentials, the White House formally removed CNN from its scheduled Monday role as the primary television pool network for the White House press corps in an email guidance sent Sunday night. CNN had been scheduled to provide TV pool coverage and accompany President Trump to New York for the annual United Nations General Assembly. However, the updated schedule omitted a primary television network entirely, instead listing Hearst local television stations as the secondary crew in Washington and assigning Real America's Voice as the secondary crew for the New York trip.

白宫此举打破了数十年来由ABC、CBS、CNN、NBC和福克斯新闻（Fox News）五大主要广播电视网络轮流分担电视轮值池职责的行业惯例。在传统机制下，负责轮值的网络须自费提供摄像师、音响技术人员以及协调连线与提问的记者，并向全美及全球媒体免费共享拍摄的现场音视频素材。CNN被排除在联大出访轮值之外，不仅对各家机构依赖的总统公开活动共享画面分发机制带来直接冲击，也让整个报道团在纽约期间的常规电视拍摄安排陷入不确定状态。

The decision breaks with a multi-network system maintained for decades by ABC, CBS, CNN, NBC, and Fox News, which take turns supplying camera operators, audio engineers, and producers to capture presidential events and provide pooled live footage to the wider press corps. Because secondary crews participate in press briefings without producing the primary feed, stripping CNN of its assigned UN trip rotation directly disrupted the established pool distribution framework and created immediate logistical uncertainty regarding how Trump's address and meetings in New York would be recorded and broadcast worldwide.

针对这起诉讼，法律争议的核心集中于行政自由裁量权与第一修正案禁止观点歧视原则之间的冲突。在周日的一场电视访谈中，至少一名特朗普政府官员援引了美国联邦最高法院在1965年就政府拒绝核准前往古巴旅行护照所作出的判例，主张该判例能够支持特朗普限制特定媒体采访权限的立场。

The legal battle centers on a direct clash between broad executive discretion and long-standing First Amendment protections against viewpoint discrimination. Addressing the controversy during a television interview on Sunday, at least one Trump administration official argued that a 1965 U.S. Supreme Court opinion concerning the federal government's refusal to validate passports for travel to Cuba provided legal justification for Trump's exclusion of the three news organizations.

起诉方与多位第一修正案法律专家则认为，该禁令属于明确的违宪歧视行为。司法判例已多次裁定，联邦政府无权因媒体发表的报道内容或立场观点而禁止记者进入白宫履行采访职责。华盛顿特区联邦地区法院此前在多起涉及特朗普政府排挤特定记者或媒体的诉讼中，均曾作出支持新闻自由并裁定行政差别对待违法的判决。

Media plaintiffs and First Amendment legal experts contend that the ban constitutes unlawful retaliation that violates constitutional limits. Federal courts have consistently held that journalists cannot be barred from covering the White House simply because officials object to what they publish or report. In previous disputes where the Trump administration sought to exclude specific journalists or newsrooms, judges in the D.C. District Court repeatedly ruled against discriminatory access restrictions and upheld the First Amendment rights of the press.