玻利维亚国会批准19亿美元IMF贷款并取消柴油补贴Bolivia Approves $1.9B IMF Loan and Scraps Diesel Subsidy

玻利维亚国会于周五表决通过了与国际货币基金组织达成的19亿美元多年度贷款协议，这是该国自2006年以来首次签署此类方案。尽管总统罗德里戈·帕斯所在的基督教民主党并未在国会掌握多数席位，但在中派与右翼党派的支持下，该贷款议案在参众两院顺利过关。此前长期执政的左翼政党争取社会主义运动在拥有130个席位的众议院中仅剩2席，在参议院则失去全部席位，使得由中右翼力量主导的国会得以迅速通过该计划。

Bolivia's Congress approved the $1.9 billion multi-year International Monetary Fund loan agreement on Friday, marking the country's first such arrangement with the fund since 2006. While President Rodrigo Paz's Christian Democratic Party does not hold a legislative majority, the lending measure passed with solid backing from centrist and right-wing parties. Those blocs now dominate Congress after the long-ruling leftist Movement Towards Socialism party saw its presence reduced to just two seats in the 130-seat lower house and zero seats in the Senate.

该项贷款方案旨在缓解玻利维亚多年的经济危机，但资金在正式拨付前仍须获得国际货币基金组织执行董事会的最终批准。帕斯总统将周五的表决称为一项关键决策，并指出中东冲突推高了国际能源成本，迫使政府做出复杂选择。政府计划借助此项协议稳定宏观经济，并满足基金组织关于限制开支与压缩补贴的政策要求。

Although designed to address a crisis accumulated over years, the multi-billion-dollar loan package still requires formal sign-off from the IMF Executive Board before any disbursements can begin. Paz framed Friday's legislative outcome as a crucial step for the nation, stating that elevated international energy prices driven by the conflict involving Iran have forced the government to make complex policy decisions. Bolivian authorities intend to use the IMF-backed program to stabilize national finances and fulfill mandated fiscal spending restraints.

在参议院批准包含支出限制要求的19亿美元IMF贷款后，玻利维亚政府已完全取消了柴油补贴。根据该项多年度基金计划的紧缩规定，帕斯政府必须持续削减长期存在的燃料补贴并控制公共财政支出。作为推进全面改革的一环，当局此前已经上调了燃油价格，并设定了在1月前全面取消所有剩余燃料补贴的具体时间表。

Bolivia's government has completely eliminated its diesel subsidy following Senate approval of the $1.9 billion International Monetary Fund loan, which obligates the administration to implement strict spending curbs. Under the terms of the multi-year program, President Rodrigo Paz must progressively dismantle long-standing fuel price supports and rein in public expenditures. Having already raised retail fuel prices, the government plans to fully scrap all remaining fuel subsidies by January as part of the structural adjustment process.

除了直接获得国际货币基金组织的贷款资金外，玻利维亚政府官员表示，与IMF达成的这一协议预期还将产生催化效应，解锁来自世界银行及其他多边贷款机构约50亿美元的额外融资支持。官方希望通过这一揽子外部资金和财政重组措施，逐步弥补预算缺口，但这也意味着国内燃料市场将彻底告别长期的政府价格干预。

Beyond the direct funds provided by the International Monetary Fund, Bolivian officials stated that finalizing the agreement is projected to unlock roughly $5 billion in additional financing from the World Bank and other international lenders. Authorities anticipate that combining multilateral loan disbursements with the phased elimination of fuel subsidies will help bridge the nation's severe budget gap, formally ending state price supports in domestic energy markets.

玻利维亚当前的财政困境源于其支柱性能源产业的长期衰退。该国过去曾通过天然气出口每年赚取数十亿美元的外汇收入，但由于能源行业经历多年的投资不足，国内天然气产量出现崩塌式下滑。出口收益的急剧萎缩直接剥夺了玻利维亚获得美元的关键渠道，导致国家陷入严重的硬通货短缺，难以维持进口燃油采购所需的经常性外汇支出。

Bolivia's current fiscal crisis stems from a prolonged decline in its primary energy sector. The country once earned billions of dollars annually from natural gas exports, but years of persistent underinvestment caused domestic hydrocarbon production to collapse. This severe drop in export revenue sharply restricted the nation's access to foreign currency, leaving Bolivian authorities short of the physical dollars required to pay for necessary fuel imports on international markets.

为了让国内民众承受得起能源消费，历届政府曾投入巨资压低成品油价格，使得玻利维亚境内的汽油和柴油售价一度比全球主要原油生产国沙特阿拉伯还要低廉。然而，这项高额补贴政策逐渐耗尽了国家本已紧张的外汇储备，同时在边境地区催生了大规模的走私黑市，导致大量低价燃料流向国外并加剧了国内供应匮乏。

To shield domestic consumers and keep energy affordable, the government historically committed vast public funds to maintain domestic petrol and diesel prices at levels lower than those in major crude producer Saudi Arabia. That heavy price-support system drained the nation's remaining foreign currency reserves over time, while artificially cheap domestic fuel also stimulated a thriving cross-border smuggling black market that diverted subsidized supplies out of the country.

针对政府推进的紧缩方案，玻利维亚主要工会联合会“玻利维亚工人中央工会”明确表达了谴责。该工会警告称，取消燃油补贴将推高陷入困境的普通家庭的生活开支，可能再度引发严重的社会动荡。在此之前，示威群体曾于6月和7月发起了长达数周的封路抗议，造成全国大部分地区交通瘫痪，并有抗议者公开要求帕斯总统辞去职务。

The Bolivian Workers' Central, the nation's primary labor federation, has denounced the economic plan and warned that eliminating fuel subsidies will sharply increase everyday living costs for struggling families. Union representatives cautioned that the austerity mandates could reignite widespread social unrest across the country. That warning follows weeks of extensive road blockades in June and July that paralyzed transportation in much of Bolivia, when demonstrators took to the streets demanding President Rodrigo Paz's resignation.

为了防止交通干道再度受阻并应对潜在的抗议浪潮，玻利维亚国会已于周四表决通过，将此前设立的紧急状态延长90天。这项最初用于协助清理路障并恢复秩序的紧急安全措施，赋予了当局维持社会稳定的法律权力。随着取消补贴的财政改革深入推进，工会的抗议警告与政府的维稳举措使当地局势持续处于高度警戒状态。

In response to potential disruption and to prevent key transportation arteries from being cut off again, Bolivia's Congress voted on Thursday to extend a national state of emergency for an additional 90 days. The emergency measures were originally declared to help security forces clear blocked roads and restore normal transit. As the administration implements strict fiscal adjustments to satisfy multilateral lending terms, the extension underscores ongoing government efforts to maintain order against threatened labor mobilization.