澳大利亚拟立法强制社媒平台提供算法推荐退出选项Australia Proposes Law Mandating Social Media Algorithm Opt-Out

拟议的“我的信息流，我做主”（My Feed, My Way）法规草案确立了一套针对社交媒体推荐算法的强制约束框架。按照草案要求，Meta旗下的Facebook和Instagram，以及TikTok等主流平台必须向16岁以上用户提供专门的控制工具，允许其完全关闭推送危险和分裂性内容的算法推荐流。一旦用户启用退出选项，其个人主页的信息流将仅展示其主动关注的个人和群组发布的动态，彻底阻断未经用户主动选择的算法推送内容。

The "My Feed, My Way" draft legislative framework establishes strict operational mandates targeting recommender systems across major social networks, including Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram. Under the proposed statutory rules, platforms must provide all account holders aged 16 and over with direct controls to deactivate recommendation algorithms that drive divisive and dangerous material into user feeds. When an individual selects the opt-out mechanism, their personal feed will strictly display updates published by accounts and groups they have intentionally chosen to follow, cutting off unrequested algorithmically curated posts.

为了确保退出机制的实际执行效果，该草案规定各平台必须通过弹出消息提示用户自主选择默认的信息流偏好，杜绝平台默认锁定算法推荐模式。对于未按规定落实退出工具、未向用户提供选择弹窗或存在其他违规行为的科技公司，监管机构可依法处以超过1亿澳元（约合7200万美元或6200万欧元）的巨额民事罚款。

To guarantee user access to these controls, the draft law obligates service providers to present pop-up prompts on their interfaces, requiring individuals to designate their default feed preference rather than imposing algorithmic curation by default. Social media enterprises that fail to deploy these required controls, neglect the user notification mandates, or violate the provisions face severe financial enforcement, with statutory penalties reaching more than A$100 million (approximately $72 million or €62 million).

除算法退出机制外，该草案针对18岁以下未成年人确立了法定数字注意义务。这一监管范围超越了传统社交网络，延伸至网络游戏、应用程序以及人工智能聊天机器人等数字服务，强制要求相关运营方采取系统性保护措施，防止儿童接触特定有害内容。

Beyond the algorithmic opt-out provisions, the draft legislation establishes a statutory digital duty of care specifically designed to protect users under the age of 18. This regulatory mandate extends past conventional social networking platforms to encompass a broader spectrum of digital services, including online games, mobile applications, and artificial intelligence chatbots, legally requiring operators to shield young people from exposure to targeted online harms.

法案列明的受限危害类别涵盖色情、宣扬或诱发饮食失调的内容、厌女言论、美化犯罪或危及生命的特技动作，以及包含虐待和霸凌在内的导致严重心理健康伤害的内容。依据该框架，监管机构澳大利亚电子安全专员有权直接向平台下达内容移除通知，平台运营商必须如实记录并存档其为应对网络危害所采取的具体防范措施。

The legislative framework outlines explicit categories of restricted material, prohibiting content that involves pornography, promotes or accelerates eating disorders, displays misogyny, or glorifies criminal acts and life-endangering stunts. It also targets content causing severe mental health distress, including online abuse and bullying. Under these provisions, the national eSafety commissioner receives statutory authority to issue binding content removal notices directly to platforms, while service operators must systematically document all compliance measures implemented to mitigate harms.

澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯为该法案进行了明确辩护，指出立法的根本目的在于改变权力关系，将对信息内容的支配权从全球大型科技企业手中剥离，重新交还给澳大利亚普通民众。针对外界关于科技巨头所有者可能采取反制行动的担忧——尤其是部分企业高管与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普保持密切联系的情况——阿尔巴尼斯直接予以驳斥，并确认本月晚些时候他将在纽约举行的联合国大会上重点阐述澳大利亚的这一政策方案。

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese explicitly defended the draft legislation, stating that the proposal is designed to fundamentally shift the power dynamic away from dominant global tech corporations and return agency to everyday Australians. Addressing concerns regarding potential retaliation from large technology platforms and their corporate leaders—many of whom maintain close ties with US President Donald Trump—Albanese dismissed such threats, confirming that he plans to present and highlight the regulatory initiative before the United Nations General Assembly in New York later this month.

通讯部长阿妮卡·韦尔斯指出，长期以来科技公司一直获准在缺乏监管的情况下直接在澳大利亚用户身上进行实时产品测试。她表示，大型科技行业即将迎来全球范围的清算与审视，而这一进程正是由澳大利亚率先出台的未成年人社交媒体最低年龄限制法律所开启。韦尔斯强调，此次推行的算法监管措施将作为保障儿童网络安全的关键环节。

Communications Minister Anika Wells noted that tech platforms have operated for far too long by conducting real-time, unregulated product testing directly on the Australian public. Wells stated that a broader global reckoning for big tech has begun, sparked initially by Australia's pioneering legislation restricting social media access for minors under 16 years of age. She stressed that the proposed algorithmic regulations will serve as an essential measure to strengthen safety protections for children across digital environments.

尽管工党政府计划在圣诞节前将法案正式提交议会，但该法案预计将面临漫长的公开质询与立法协商程序。在参众两院推进立法过程中，工党必须争取澳大利亚绿党的支持才能确保法案顺利过关。绿党通讯事务发言人萨拉·汉森-扬对此明确呼吁降低法案认定的危害门槛，并主张直接按科技巨头全球营业额的一定比例来设定处罚金额，以防止资金雄厚的跨国平台利用规则漏洞规避监管。

Although the Labor government intends to table the bill before Christmas, the legislative package faces what is expected to be an extensive public inquiry and protracted parliamentary negotiations. To pass the draft law through parliament, Labor must secure formal backing from the Greens. Greens communications spokesperson Sarah Hanson-Young advocated for lowering the statutory threshold for defined online harms and demanded that non-compliance penalties be pegged directly to a percentage of a tech company's global revenue, warning that well-resourced corporations would otherwise seek loopholes around opt-out rules.

与此相对，反对党自由党与国家党联盟则对立法表达了明确反对立场，公开告诫政府不要试图对互联网实施审查。国家党领导人马特·卡纳万抨击称，不能将涉及网络审查的权力托付给工党政府，并提出政府与其干预社交平台的算法运作，不如将施政精力聚焦于解决物价过高、税负过重以及移民规模过大等现实社会民生问题。

Conversely, the opposition Liberal-National Coalition signaled resistance to the initiative, cautioning the government against internet censorship overreach. Nationals leader Matt Canavan stated that Labor could not be trusted with censorship powers, arguing that rather than attempting to intervene in platform algorithms, the government should direct its legislative focus toward addressing elevated consumer prices, high taxation levels, and immigration volumes.

代表Meta、Snapchat与谷歌（Google）等科技巨头的行业组织DIGI对算法的作用进行了辩护，指出推荐算法有助于用户获取多元化内容。不过该团体同时承认公众对推荐系统运行机制存在担忧，并表示支持在管理安全风险的同时，为用户提供对所浏览内容的切实选择权与控制权。此外，部分大型科技公司此前对严苛监管提出异议，警告称此类限制可能促使年轻用户流向缺乏监管的网络空间。

Industry lobby group DIGI, which represents major technology enterprises including Meta, Snapchat, and Google, defended algorithmic feeds as tools that help users discover diverse online material. The organization acknowledged existing community concerns surrounding how these recommendation systems operate, emphasizing that it supports mechanisms providing individuals with meaningful choice and control over the content they encounter while effectively managing safety risks. In response to stricter regulatory interventions, some technology firms have argued that imposing rigid prohibitions risks driving younger audiences into unregulated online environments.

澳大利亚此次推出的算法退出与数字注意义务草案，是其扩大科技监管力度的延续。澳大利亚于2025年成为全球首个对16岁以下未成年人实施社交媒体访问限制的国家后，德国、西班牙、法国、丹麦以及新西兰等多个国家相继跟进，拟定了类似的年龄限制计划。拟议的算法选择权规则草案提交议会审议后，澳大利亚的这一系列监管探索预计将继续受到国际社会的密切关注。

The proposed algorithm opt-out bill builds upon a broader effort to expand oversight of digital platforms. After Australia established pioneer status in 2025 by becoming the first country to mandate social media access restrictions for minors under 16, international peers including Germany, Spain, France, Denmark, and New Zealand drafted plans to introduce comparable age requirements. As the draft legislation heads toward parliamentary debate later this year, policymakers internationally continue to track Australia's successive regulatory measures.