阿耳忒弥斯2号载人飞船进入月球引力范围 准备进行历史性绕月飞行Artemis II Crew Enters Moon’s Sphere of Influence Ahead of Historic Flyby
2026年4月6日，美国宇航局（NASA）阿耳忒弥斯2号（Artemis II）任务的四名宇航员正式进入月球“引力球范围”（Sphere of Influence），这标志着人类在时隔半个多世纪后，再次进入月球引力占据主导地位的太空区域。根据NASA的监测数据，猎户座（Orion）飞船在任务启动后的第4天6小时零2分钟完成了这一关键过渡。当时，飞船距离月球表面约3.9万英里（约6.28万公里），而距离地球则达到了23.2万英里（约37.34万公里）。这一物理界限的跨越意味着飞船现在受到的月球引力拉力已超过地球引力，是任务迈向绕月飞行的核心里程碑。
On April 6, 2026, the four astronauts aboard NASA’s Artemis II mission officially entered the moon’s 'sphere of influence,' marking a historic return to the region of space where lunar gravity dominates. The transition occurred four days, six hours, and two minutes into the mission, when the Orion capsule was approximately 39,000 miles (62,800 km) from the lunar surface and 232,000 miles (373,400 km) away from Earth. This crossing of the physical boundary means the spacecraft is now feeling the moon's gravitational pull more strongly than that of the Earth, serving as a critical milestone as the crew prepares for their upcoming lunar flyby.
此次任务不仅是阿耳忒弥斯计划的首个载人阶段，更是自1972年阿波罗计划结束以来，人类首次重返深空探索。机组人员包括指令长里德·怀斯曼（Reid Wiseman）、飞行员维克多·格洛弗（Victor Glover）、任务专家克里斯蒂娜·科赫（Christina Koch）和杰里米·汉森（Jeremy Hansen）。随着飞船不断逼近月球，NASA飞行主任里克·亨夫林（Rick Henfling）在新闻发布会上强调，进入月球引力范围是任务中的一个重要里程碑，验证了飞船在地月转移轨道上的精确航行能力。宇航员们在这一过程中保持着良好的状态，并持续向地面控制中心传回关键的系统数据和视觉记录。
This mission represents the first crewed phase of the Artemis program and the first time humans have ventured into deep space since the conclusion of the Apollo era in 1972. The crew—consisting of Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, and Mission Specialists Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen—is testing the limits of the Orion spacecraft. As the vessel neared the moon, NASA flight director Rick Henfling emphasized during a news briefing that entering the lunar sphere of influence is a significant milestone, validating the precise navigation required for the trans-lunar trajectory. The astronauts remain in high spirits, continuing to transmit vital systems data and visual records back to mission control.
01引力转换的技术细节Technical Details of the Gravitational Transition
进入月球引力范围标志着猎户座飞船的飞行动力学发生了根本性变化。在美东时间周一凌晨12:41左右，飞船跨越了地月引力平衡点，正式进入月球主导的轨道环境。在此之前，飞船已经完成了漫长的地月转移轨道飞行，消耗了大量燃料以摆脱地球的深层引力束缚。随着引力环境的改变，导航团队将密切监测飞船的加速度变化，确保其能够按照预定轨迹进行接下来的绕月机动。这种引力环境的切换是深空导航中最具挑战性的环节之一，要求地面控制中心与飞船系统之间保持高度同步。
Entering the lunar sphere of influence marks a fundamental shift in the Orion spacecraft's flight dynamics. At approximately 12:41 a.m. ET on Monday, the vessel crossed the gravitational equilibrium point between the Earth and the moon, officially entering a lunar-dominated orbital environment. Prior to this, the spacecraft had completed a lengthy trans-lunar injection phase, expending significant energy to break free from Earth's deep gravitational well. As the environment shifts, navigation teams are closely monitoring changes in acceleration to ensure the craft remains on its intended trajectory for the upcoming lunar flyby. This transition is one of the most challenging aspects of deep-space navigation, requiring precise synchronization between ground control and onboard systems.
02来自深空的视觉记录与心理影响Visual Records and Psychological Impact from Deep Space
在飞向月球的过程中，宇航员们捕捉到了令人震撼的地球影像，这些影像不仅具有科研价值，也深刻影响了公众对深空探索的认知。NASA发布的照片显示，从猎户座飞船的窗口望去，地球呈现为一个深蓝色的发光球体，海洋与云层交织，在漆黑的太空背景下显得格外孤立而美丽。任务专家克里斯蒂娜·科赫被拍摄到正凝视窗外的地球，此时飞船正加速驶向月球背面。这些实时传回的图像让全球观众能够以宇航员的视角观察家园，增强了此次任务的社会影响力，同时也验证了飞船光学观测系统的性能。
During their transit to the moon, the astronauts captured breathtaking images of Earth that hold both scientific value and profound psychological impact. Photographs released by NASA show our planet as a glowing orb of deep blue oceans and swirling clouds, appearing strikingly isolated against the black void of space. Mission specialist Christina Koch was photographed gazing back at Earth as the spacecraft accelerated toward the lunar far side. These real-time images allow a global audience to view their home planet through the eyes of the crew, strengthening the mission's social resonance while simultaneously validating the performance of the spacecraft's optical observation systems.
03后续任务流程与科学目标Next Steps and Scientific Objectives
阿耳忒弥斯2号是一项为期10天的复杂任务，旨在全面测试猎户座飞船的各项生命支持系统和机动能力。在接下来的行程中，宇航员将进行历史性的绕月飞行，届时他们将飞越月球背面，这是人类肉眼极难直接观测到的区域。此次飞行的成功将为未来的阿耳忒弥斯3号任务铺平道路，后者的目标是让宇航员重新踏上月球表面。除了验证硬件可靠性，任务还将收集关于深空辐射环境的数据，这对于未来前往火星的长途旅行至关重要。宇航员们将利用月球的引力弹弓效应，在完成绕月后精准地返回地球大气层。
Artemis II is a complex 10-day mission designed to comprehensively test the Orion spacecraft's life-support systems and maneuvering capabilities. In the coming days, the crew will perform a historic flyby, traveling around the lunar far side—a region rarely seen by human eyes. The success of this flight will pave the way for the Artemis III mission, which aims to return humans to the lunar surface. Beyond hardware validation, the mission is collecting vital data on the deep-space radiation environment, which is essential for future long-duration travel to Mars. The crew will utilize a lunar gravity assist to slingshot around the moon and precisely target their return to Earth's atmosphere.
07多源对比Source Comparison
同一事件下，不同媒体的标题与原文节选往往呈现不同关注点。这里汇总最核心的几条报道，方便快速交叉比对。
Coverage of the same event often emphasizes different angles. This view puts the most relevant reports side by side for quick cross-checking.
Astronauts on Nasa’s Orion capsule made transition about 39,000 miles from the moon, meaning they feel its gravitational...
It’s official: The Artemis II astronauts have arrived in the moon’s cosmic neighborhood.
For the first time in more than half a century, astronauts will journey around the Moon, marking a major milestone in th...